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according to the nature

  • 1 natura

    nātūra, ae, f. [nascor], birth.
    I.
    Lit. (very rare):

    naturā tu illi pater es, consiliis ego,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 46; cf.:

    naturā pater,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 4.—
    II.
    Transf. (freq. and class.; syn.: indoles, ingenium).
    A.
    The nature, i. e. the natural constitution, property, or quality of a thing:

    quod autem animal est, id motu cietur interiore et suo: nam haec est natura propria animae et vis,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 28:

    ipsumque per se sua vi, sua natura, sua sponte laudabile,

    id. Fin. 2, 15, 50:

    ab ipsa natura loci,

    id. Agr. 2, 35, 95:

    quali esset natura montis, qui cognoscerent misit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    loci,

    id. ib. 1, 2: tigna secundum naturam fluminis procumberent, according to the nature or natural course of the river, Caes. B. G. 4, 17: insula naturā triquetra, by nature, i. e. in shape, id. ib. 5, 13:

    naturas apibus quas Juppiter ipse Addidit expediam,

    Verg. G. 4, 149.—
    2.
    Of character, nature, natural disposition, inclination, bent, temper, character:

    cognitum per te ipsum, quae tua natura est, dignum tuā amicitiā judicabis,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

    prolixa beneficaque,

    id. ib. 3, 8, 8; Liv. 22, 59: mihi benefacere jam ex consuetudine [p. 1190] in naturam vertit, has become natural, Sall. J. 85, 9.—Prov.:

    consuetudo est secunda natura,

    August. adv. Jul. 5, 59 fin.; Macr. S. 7, 9, 7; cf.:

    voluptatem consuetudine quasi alteram naturam effici,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

    naturam expellas furcā, tamen usque recurret,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24:

    facere sibi naturam alicujus rei,

    to accustom one's self to a thing, Quint. 2, 4, 17:

    desideria naturae satiare,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25.—
    B.
    The nature, course, or order of things:

    quod rerum natura non patitur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

    delabi ad aequitatem et ad rerum naturam,

    id. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

    naturae satisfacere,

    i. e. to die, Cic. Clu. 10, 29; so,

    naturae concedere,

    Sall. J. 14, 15:—Personified:

    quis vero opifex praeter naturam, quā nihil potest esse callidius, tantam sollertiam persequi potuisset in sensibus? quae primum oculos membranis tenuissimis vestivit, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:

    frui primis a natura datis,

    id. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

    homines rationem habent a naturā datam,

    id. ib. 2, 14, 45:

    et homini praecipui a naturā nihil datum esse dicemus,

    id. ib. 2, 33, 110:

    quae (membra corporum) ipsa declarant procreandi a naturā habitam esse rationem,

    id. ib. 3, 19, 62:

    omnis natura vult esse conservatrix sui,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 16; 5, 15, 41;

    5, 20, 56: illam partem bene vivendi a natura petebant, eique parendum esse dicebant,

    id. Ac. 1, 5, 19.—
    2.
    Nature, i. e. the world, the universe:

    Cleanthes totius naturae menti atque animo hoc nomen (dei) tribuit,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 14, 37.—
    3.
    Nature, i. e. consistency with nature, possibility:

    in rerum naturā fuisse,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 24:

    hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit,

    is a possible case, Quint. 2, 17, 32:

    judicatum est enim, rerum naturam non recipere, ut, etc.,

    that it is not in accordance with nature, not possible, Val. Max. 8, 1, abs. 13:—
    C.
    An element, thing, substance:

    Aristoteles quin tam quandam naturam censet esse, e qua sit mens,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22: de naturis autem sic sentiebat;

    primum uti quattuor initiis rerum illis quintam hanc naturam... non adhiberet, etc.,

    id. Ac. 1, 11, 39:

    natura tenuis aëris,

    Lucr. 2, 232.—
    D.
    The natural parts, organs of generation:

    cujus (Mercurii) obscenius excitata natura traditur,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 55:

    quaedam matrona visa est in quiete obsignatam habere naturam,

    id. Div. 2, 70, 145; cf. Varr. R. R. 3, 12, 4; 2, 7, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > natura

  • 2 ex or (only before consonants) ē

        ex or (only before consonants) ē    praep. with abl, out of, from within (opp. in).    I. In space, out of, from: signa ex urbe tollere: solem e mundo tollere: ex hoc fonticulo tantumdem sumere, H.: ex Aethiopiā Ancillula, T.: ex urbe sicarii: eius ex Africā reditus: ex Hispaniā quidam, Cs.: puer ex aulā, H.—From, down from, from off: ex speluncā saxum in crura eius incidisse: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, from horseback, Cs.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur.—Up from, above, out of: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Cs.: globum terrae eminentem e mari.—In gen., from, down from, at, in, upon: ex cruce Italiam cernere: ex equo pugnare: ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Cs.: ex hoc loco verba fecisti: ex vinculis causam dicere, L.— Esp., in adverbial phrases: ex itinere, on the march, without halting, S.: ex fugā, during the flight, Cs.: portus ex adverso urbi positus, opposite, L.: erat e regione oppidi collis, over against, Cs.: ex omni parte perfectum, entirely: aliquā ex parte incommodis mederi, in some measure: impetūs ex maximā parte servorum: e vestigio, suddenly.—    II. In time, of succession, from, immediately after, directly after, after, following: Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam: tanta vilitas annonae ex inopiā consecuta est: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitem, Cs.: Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, T.: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, day after day.—Of duration, from... onward, from, since, beginning at: ex eā die ad hanc diem: ex eo die, quo, etc.: ex certo tempore, after a fixed date: ex aeterno tempore: Motum ex Metello consule (bellum), H.: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., since, Ta.: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Ian. magni tumultūs sint, after. —With the notion of escape or relief, from and after, from: se ex labore reficere, Cs.: ex illo metu mortis recreatus: animus ex miseriis requievit, S. — Esp., in phrases: ex tempore effutire, off hand, without reflection: ex meo tempore, for my convenience: in quibus (quaestionibus) ex tempore officium quaeritur, according to circumstances: ex intervallo consequi, after a while: ex tempore aliquo.—    III. Fig., of the point of departure, away from, from, out of, of: amicitiam e vitā tollunt: e fundo eiectus, dispossessed of: agro ex hoste capto, L.: ex populo R. bona accipere, S. —Partitive uses, of a whole or class, of, out of, from among, among: alia ex hoc quaestu, i. e. trade, T.: non orator unus e multis, i. e. no common: acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus: ex primo hastato (ordine) legionis, one of the first division, Cs.: multum ex ripā colere, Ta.: altitudo puppium ex navibus, Cs. — Of the means, out of, by means of, with: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: ex caede vivunt: largiri ex alieno, L.; cf. ex iure hesterno panem vorent, dipped in, T.—Of the origin or source, from, out of, born of, arising from: bellorum causae ex rei p. contentione natae: ex pertinaciā oritur seditio: ex animo amicus, heartily.—Esp. with verbs of sense, intelligence, etc.: quā re negent, ex me non audies: ut ex amicis acceperam: ex quo intellegere posset: ut ex iis quaeratur: video ex litteris.—Of the material, of, out of: statua ex aere facta: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore: milites mixti ex conluvione gentium, L. — Of a condition or nature which is changed, from, out of: di ex hominibus facti: ex exsule consul: duas ex unā civitate discordia fecerat, L. — Of the cause, from, through, by, in consequence of, by reason of, on account of: gravida e Pamphilo, T.: infirmus ex morbo: e viā languere: ex gravitate loci volgari morbos, L.: ex illā ipsā re, for that very reason: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.: ex hac clade atrox ira, L.: ex legato timor, Ta.—From, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, S.: nomen ex vitio positum, O.: urbem e suo nomine Romam iussit nominari. —Of measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with, in pursuance of, by: ex aliarum ingeniis me iudicet, T.: dies ex praeceptis tuis actus: ex consuetudine suā, Cs.: e virtute vivere: ex senatūs sententiā: ex sententiā, satisfactorily, T.: illum ex artificio comico aestimabat.—Esp., in the phrases, ex re, according to the fact, to the advantage, to profit: oratio ex re et ex causā habita: Non ex re istius, for his good, T.: garrit Ex re fabellas, apt, H.: quid tam e re p. fuit? for the public benefit: ex usu, advantageous: ex usu quod est, id persequar, T.: rem ex usu Galliae accidisse, Cs.: e re natā, according to circumstances, T.—Of manner, mostly in adverb. phrases: res ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrare, arbitrarily... justly, S.: dicam ex animo, outright: ex composito, by agreement, L.: ex facili, with ease, Ta.—    IV. In compounds, ex stands before vowels and h, and before c, p (except epoto, epotus), q, s (except escendere, escensio), t; ef (sometimes ec) before f; ē before b, d, g, i consonant, l (except exlex), m, n, v. For exs-, ex- alone is often written (exanguis for exsanguis, etc.).

    Latin-English dictionary > ex or (only before consonants) ē

  • 3 gnata

    nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).
    I.
    Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.
    1.
    With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):

    cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:

    cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,

    id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:

    Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,

    id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:

    ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,

    Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:

    natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,

    Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:

    ex Thetide natus,

    Quint. 3, 7, 11:

    ex Urbiniā natus,

    id. 7, 2, 5:

    Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,

    Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:

    negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,

    Suet. Ner. 6:

    quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:

    convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:

    ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,

    Liv. 43, 3, 2;

    very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,

    Suet. Ner. 4 init.:

    Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,

    Just. 17, 3, 14:

    ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

    illum ex me natum,

    Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:

    quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,

    Juv. 9, 83.—
    2.
    With de and abl.:

    de tigride natus,

    Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:

    de stirpe dei nasci,

    id. ib. 11, 312:

    de pellice natus,

    id. ib. 4, 422:

    natus de muliere,

    Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —
    3.
    With abl. (so usually with proper names;

    and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:

    Hercules Jove natus,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

    Nilo natus,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

    nascetur Oedipus Lao,

    id. Fat. 13, 30:

    patre Marte,

    id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

    Paulo,

    id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    privignus Poppaeā natus,

    Suet. Ner. 55:

    Ascanius Creusā matre natus,

    Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:

    amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:

    honestis parentibus,

    Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:

    Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,

    Tac. A. 16, 17:

    deus deo natus,

    Liv. 1, 16, 3:

    imperioso patre,

    id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

    patre certo nasci,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

    Apolline natus,

    Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,

    natus deā,

    of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:

    matre Musā natus,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:

    nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

    Verg. A. 1, 286.—
    4.
    With ab and abl.:

    generari et nasci a principibus,

    Tac. H. 1, 16:

    et qui nascentur ab illo,

    Verg. G. 1, 434.—
    5.
    In other constrr.:

    post homines natos,

    since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

    post genus hominum natum,

    id. Balb. 10, 26:

    in miseriam nascimur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:

    aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

    with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

    ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,

    to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:

    homo nascitur ad laborem,

    i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:

    humi nascentia fraga,

    Verg. E. 3, 92:

    cum nata fuerint folia,

    Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:

    nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,

    is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

    onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,

    Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:

    ex palude nascitur amnis,

    rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

    nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,

    rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:

    unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,

    id. G. 3, 278:

    nascens luna,

    Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:

    nascentia templa,

    newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:

    Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,

    Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):

    ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

    nascitur altera moles,

    Sil. 3, 530. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:

    scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:

    nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,

    id. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

    facinus natum a cupiditate,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:

    visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,

    id. Div. 2, 66, 135:

    strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,

    Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:

    onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,

    Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:

    frumenta nata sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:

    ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,

    id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:

    profectio nata a timore defectionis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

    querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

    Cat. 64, 198:

    omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:

    ex hoc nascitur ut,

    hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—
    B.
    Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):

    quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,

    Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:

    nasci denuo,

    id. ib. 3, 7:

    natus ex Deo,

    id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.
    A.
    nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:

    ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 7, 27:

    eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,

    Petr. 4:

    (vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,

    Juv. 12, 9.—
    2.
    Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—
    B.
    nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,
    1.
    Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:

    caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

    Cic. Lael. 8, 27:

    bellum prope inter parentes natosque,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:

    cum pecore et gnatis,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:

    et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

    Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:

    natam conlocare alicui,

    Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):

    si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):

    maxima natarum Priami,

    Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):

    tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:

    nato nemini,

    id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—
    2.
    Adj.
    a.
    Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.
    (α).
    With dat. (class.):

    me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:

    non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

    natus huic imperio,

    id. Cael. 24, 59:

    gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,

    id. Pis. 17, 41:

    Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,

    id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —
    (β).
    With ad (class.):

    vir ad omnia summa natus,

    Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

    natus ad haec tempora,

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

    ad dicendum natus aptusque,

    id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:

    ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,

    id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

    ad hoc unum natus,

    id. Or. 28, 99:

    ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,

    id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    natus ad sacra Cithaeron,

    Ov. M. 2, 223:

    canor mulcendas natus ad aures,

    id. ib. 5, 561.—
    (γ).
    With inf. ( poet.):

    quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,

    Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—
    (δ).
    With in and acc. ( poet.):

    nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—
    (ε).
    With propter (rare):

    apros, animal propter convivia natum,

    Juv. 1, 141.—
    b.
    Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:

    alius ager bene natus, alius male,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:

    sarmenta male nata,

    Col. 4, 24, 7:

    ita natus locus est,

    Liv. 9, 2:

    inculti versūs et male nati,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—
    (β).
    Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:

    ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,

    Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:

    Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,

    id. ib. 14, 6, 1;

    7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—
    c.
    With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:

    eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

    annos natus unum et viginti,

    id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:

    cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

    Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,

    id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;

    Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:

    minor quinque et viginti annis natus,

    Nep. Han. 3, 2:

    minor triginta annis natus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

    homo annos natus major quadraginta,

    over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:

    Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,

    Nep. Reg. 2, 3:

    cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

    Liv. 45, 32, 3:

    minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,

    Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):

    plus triginta annis natus sim,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:

    annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

    non amplius novem annos natus,

    Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:

    ubi germen nascere coeperit,

    Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gnata

  • 4 mos

    mos, mōris, m. [etym. dub.; perh. root ma-, measure; cf.: maturus, matutinus; prop., a measuring or guiding rule of life; hence], manner, custom, way, usage, practice, fashion, wont, as determined not by the laws, but by men's will and pleasure, humor, self-will, caprice (class.; cf.: consuetudo, usus).
    I.
    Lit.:

    opsequens oboediensque'st mori atque imperiis patris,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 54:

    huncine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 24: alieno more vivendum est mihi, according to the will or humor of another, id. And. 1, 1, 125:

    nonne fuit levius dominae pervincere mores,

    Prop. 1, 17, 15: morem alicui gerere, to do the will of a person, to humor, gratify, obey him:

    sic decet morem geras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 35; Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 17:

    animo morem gessero,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 17:

    adulescenti morem gestum oportuit,

    id. Ad. 2, 2, 6; v. gero.—
    II.
    The will as a rule for action, custom, usage, practice, wont, habit:

    leges mori serviunt,

    usage, custom, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 36:

    legi morique parendum est,

    Cic. Univ. 11:

    ibam forte Viā Sacrā, sicut meus est mos,

    custom, wont, Hor. S. 1, 9, 1:

    contra morem consuetudinemque civilem,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

    quae vero more agentur institutisque civilibus,

    according to usage, according to custom, id. ib.:

    mos est hominum, ut nolint eundem pluribus rebus excellere,

    id. Brut. 21, 84:

    ut mos est,

    Juv. 6, 392;

    moris erat quondam servare, etc.,

    id. 11, 83:

    more sinistro,

    by a perverted custom, id. 2, 87.— So with ut:

    morem traditum a patribus, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 27, 11, 10:

    hunc morem servare, ut, etc.,

    id. 32, 34, 5:

    virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram,

    it is the custom, they are accustomed, Verg. A. 1, 336:

    qui istic mos est?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 1:

    mos ita rogandi,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 17, 1:

    ut mos fuit Bithyniae regibus,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27: moris est, it is the custom:

    negavit, moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 26, § 66; Vell. 2, 37, 5:

    quae moris Graecorum non sint,

    Liv. 36, 28, 4; cf.:

    (aliquid) satis ex more Graecorum factum,

    id. 36, 28, 5:

    ut Domitiano moris erat,

    Tac. Agr. 39.— Plur.:

    id quoque morum Tiberii erat,

    Tac. A. 1, 80:

    praeter civium morem,

    contrary to custom, to usage, Ter. And. 5, 3, 9: sine more, unwonted, unparalleled:

    facinus sine more,

    Stat. Th. 1, 238; so,

    nullo more,

    id. ib. 7, 135:

    supra morem: terra supra morem densa,

    unusually, Verg. G. 2, 227 (cf.:

    supra modum): perducere aliquid in morem,

    to make into a custom, make customary, Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 162:

    quod jam in morem venerat, ut, etc.,

    had become customary, Liv. 42, 21, 7.—
    B.
    In partic., in a moral point of view, conduct, behavior; in plur., manners, morals, character; in a good or bad sense:

    est ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,

    manners, Cic. Fam. 12, 27, 1:

    suavissimi mores,

    id. Att. 16, 16, A, 6: boni, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 254, 8.—Prov.:

    corrumpunt mores bonos colloquia mala,

    Vulg. 1 Cor. 15, 33:

    justi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 184:

    severi et pudici,

    Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 106:

    sanctissimi,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 20, 3: feri immanisque natura, Cic. Rosc. [p. 1168] Am. 13, 38:

    totam vitam, naturam moresque alicujus cognoscere,

    character, id. ib. 38, 109:

    eos esse M'. Curii mores, eamque probitatem, ut, etc.,

    id. Fam. 13, 17, 3; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:

    mores disciplinamque alicujus imitari,

    id. Deiot. 10, 28:

    perditi,

    id. Fam. 2, 5, 2:

    praefectura morum,

    the supervision of the public morals, Suet. Caes. 76:

    moribus et caelum patuit,

    to good morals, virtue, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 101:

    amator meretricis mores sibi emit auro et purpurā,

    polite behavior, complaisance, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 128:

    propitiis, si per mores nostros liceret, diis,

    i. e. our evil way of life, Tac. H. 3, 72:

    morum quoque filius,

    like his father in character, Juv. 14, 52:

    ne te ignarum fuisse dicas meorum morum, leno ego sum,

    i. e. my trade, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 6:

    in publicis moribus,

    Suet. Tib. 33; 42.—
    III.
    Transf.
    A.
    Quality, nature, manner; mode, fashion:

    haec meretrix fecit, ut mos est meretricius,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 8:

    mores siderum,

    qualities, properties, Plin. 18, 24, 56, § 206:

    caeli,

    Verg. G. 1, 51:

    Carneadeo more et modo disputare,

    manner, Cic. Univ. 1:

    si humano modo, si usitato more peccāsset,

    in the usual manner, id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:

    Graeco more bibere,

    id. ib. 1, 26, 66:

    apis Matinae More modoque,

    after the manner of, like, Hor. C. 4, 2, 27:

    Dardanius torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri More furens,

    Verg. A. 10, 604:

    more novalium,

    Col. 3, 13, 4:

    caeli et anni mores,

    Col. 1, Praef. 23:

    omnium more,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 17, 3; so,

    ad morem actionum,

    Quint. 4, 1, 43:

    elabitur anguis in morem fluminis,

    like, Verg. G. 1, 245:

    in hunc operis morem,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 63:

    pecudum in morem,

    Flor. 3, 8, 6:

    morem vestis tenere,

    mode, fashion, Just. 1, 2, 3.—
    B.
    A precept, law, rule ( poet. and postAug.):

    moresque viris et moenia ponet,

    precepts, laws, Verg. A. 1, 264; cf.:

    pacis inponere morem,

    id. ib. 6, 852:

    quod moribus eorum interdici non poterat,

    Nep. Ham. 3:

    quid ferri duritiā pugnacius? sed cedit, et patitur mores,

    submits to laws, obeys, is tamed, Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 127:

    ut leo mores Accepit,

    Stat. Ach. 2, 183:

    in morem tonsa coma, = ex more ludi,

    Verg. A. 5, 556.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > mos

  • 5 nascor

    nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).
    I.
    Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.
    1.
    With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):

    cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:

    cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,

    id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:

    Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,

    id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:

    ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,

    Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:

    natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,

    Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:

    ex Thetide natus,

    Quint. 3, 7, 11:

    ex Urbiniā natus,

    id. 7, 2, 5:

    Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,

    Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:

    negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,

    Suet. Ner. 6:

    quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:

    convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:

    ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,

    Liv. 43, 3, 2;

    very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,

    Suet. Ner. 4 init.:

    Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,

    Just. 17, 3, 14:

    ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

    illum ex me natum,

    Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:

    quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,

    Juv. 9, 83.—
    2.
    With de and abl.:

    de tigride natus,

    Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:

    de stirpe dei nasci,

    id. ib. 11, 312:

    de pellice natus,

    id. ib. 4, 422:

    natus de muliere,

    Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —
    3.
    With abl. (so usually with proper names;

    and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:

    Hercules Jove natus,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

    Nilo natus,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

    nascetur Oedipus Lao,

    id. Fat. 13, 30:

    patre Marte,

    id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

    Paulo,

    id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    privignus Poppaeā natus,

    Suet. Ner. 55:

    Ascanius Creusā matre natus,

    Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:

    amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:

    honestis parentibus,

    Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:

    Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,

    Tac. A. 16, 17:

    deus deo natus,

    Liv. 1, 16, 3:

    imperioso patre,

    id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

    patre certo nasci,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

    Apolline natus,

    Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,

    natus deā,

    of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:

    matre Musā natus,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:

    nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

    Verg. A. 1, 286.—
    4.
    With ab and abl.:

    generari et nasci a principibus,

    Tac. H. 1, 16:

    et qui nascentur ab illo,

    Verg. G. 1, 434.—
    5.
    In other constrr.:

    post homines natos,

    since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

    post genus hominum natum,

    id. Balb. 10, 26:

    in miseriam nascimur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:

    aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

    with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

    ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,

    to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:

    homo nascitur ad laborem,

    i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:

    humi nascentia fraga,

    Verg. E. 3, 92:

    cum nata fuerint folia,

    Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:

    nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,

    is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

    onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,

    Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:

    ex palude nascitur amnis,

    rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

    nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,

    rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:

    unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,

    id. G. 3, 278:

    nascens luna,

    Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:

    nascentia templa,

    newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:

    Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,

    Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):

    ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

    nascitur altera moles,

    Sil. 3, 530. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:

    scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:

    nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,

    id. Off. 2, 5, 16:

    fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

    facinus natum a cupiditate,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:

    visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,

    id. Div. 2, 66, 135:

    strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,

    Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:

    onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,

    Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:

    frumenta nata sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:

    ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,

    id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:

    profectio nata a timore defectionis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

    querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

    Cat. 64, 198:

    omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:

    ex hoc nascitur ut,

    hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—
    B.
    Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):

    quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,

    Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:

    nasci denuo,

    id. ib. 3, 7:

    natus ex Deo,

    id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.
    A.
    nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:

    ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 7, 27:

    eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,

    Petr. 4:

    (vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,

    Juv. 12, 9.—
    2.
    Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—
    B.
    nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,
    1.
    Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:

    caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

    Cic. Lael. 8, 27:

    bellum prope inter parentes natosque,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:

    cum pecore et gnatis,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:

    et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

    Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:

    natam conlocare alicui,

    Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):

    si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):

    maxima natarum Priami,

    Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):

    tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:

    nato nemini,

    id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—
    2.
    Adj.
    a.
    Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.
    (α).
    With dat. (class.):

    me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:

    non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

    natus huic imperio,

    id. Cael. 24, 59:

    gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,

    id. Pis. 17, 41:

    Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,

    id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —
    (β).
    With ad (class.):

    vir ad omnia summa natus,

    Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

    natus ad haec tempora,

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

    ad dicendum natus aptusque,

    id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:

    ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,

    id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

    ad hoc unum natus,

    id. Or. 28, 99:

    ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,

    id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    natus ad sacra Cithaeron,

    Ov. M. 2, 223:

    canor mulcendas natus ad aures,

    id. ib. 5, 561.—
    (γ).
    With inf. ( poet.):

    quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,

    Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—
    (δ).
    With in and acc. ( poet.):

    nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—
    (ε).
    With propter (rare):

    apros, animal propter convivia natum,

    Juv. 1, 141.—
    b.
    Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:

    alius ager bene natus, alius male,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:

    sarmenta male nata,

    Col. 4, 24, 7:

    ita natus locus est,

    Liv. 9, 2:

    inculti versūs et male nati,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—
    (β).
    Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:

    ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,

    Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:

    Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,

    id. ib. 14, 6, 1;

    7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—
    c.
    With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:

    eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

    annos natus unum et viginti,

    id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:

    cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,

    id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

    Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,

    id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;

    Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:

    minor quinque et viginti annis natus,

    Nep. Han. 3, 2:

    minor triginta annis natus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

    homo annos natus major quadraginta,

    over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:

    Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,

    Nep. Reg. 2, 3:

    cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

    Liv. 45, 32, 3:

    minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,

    Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):

    plus triginta annis natus sim,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:

    annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

    non amplius novem annos natus,

    Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:

    ubi germen nascere coeperit,

    Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nascor

  • 6 res

    rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;

    and in the middle of the verse,

    id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).
    I.
    In gen.:

    unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,

    Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:

    in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,

    id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):

    versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,

    Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:

    rerum natura creatrix,

    id. 2, 1117:

    divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):

    haeret haec res,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:

    profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 19:

    haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 23:

    de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,

    id. ib. prol. 110:

    in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

    quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,

    from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:

    si res postulabit,

    the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:

    fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,

    does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—
    B.
    With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:

    illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,

    is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,

    res mala,

    a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:

    bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,

    circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:

    res secundae,

    good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:

    res prosperae,

    Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    in secundissimis rebus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:

    adversae res,

    id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:

    res belli adversae,

    Liv. 10, 6:

    res dubiae,

    Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;

    v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,

    go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:

    malam rem hinc ibis?

    id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—
    C.
    With an adj. in a periphrasis:

    abhorrens ab re uxoriā,

    matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

    in arbitrio rei uxoriae,

    dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:

    rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,

    a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:

    bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,

    Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:

    erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,

    Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:

    rei rusticae libro primo,

    Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §

    19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 54:

    navalis rei certamina,

    naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:

    res militaris,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

    rei militaris gloria,

    id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:

    res frumentaria,

    forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:

    armatae rei scientissimus,

    Amm. 25, 4, 7:

    peritus aquariae rei,

    id. 28, 2, 2:

    res judicaria,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:

    res ludicra,

    play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:

    uti rebus veneriis,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:

    res Veneris,

    Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —
    D.
    With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:

    ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,

    this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:

    Ea res est,

    it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:

    de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,

    of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

    sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:

    quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,

    every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:

    nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,

    nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:

    neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.

    also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,

    id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:

    magna res principio statim bello,

    a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:

    nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,

    the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:

    scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,

    the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —

    Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    maxime rerum,

    Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:

    maxima rerum Roma,

    Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:

    fortissima rerum animalia,

    id. ib. 12, 502:

    pulcherrime rerum,

    id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:

    dulcissime rerum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—
    E.
    In adverb. phrases:

    e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,

    after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:

    pro re natā,

    according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:

    pro tempore et pro re,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    factis benignus pro re,

    according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:

    pro re pauca loquar,

    Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:

    ex re et ex tempore,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:

    e re respondi,

    Cat. 10, 8.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:

    ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:

    desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,

    id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:

    rem fabulari,

    Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:

    nihil est aliud in re,

    in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    se ipsa res aperit,

    Nep. Paus. 3, 7:

    ex re decerpere fructus,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;

    opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:

    non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

    qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,

    id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:

    Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:

    quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,

    Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:

    eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,

    id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:

    vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:

    haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,

    Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,

    re quidem verā,

    id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:

    re autem verā,

    id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;

    and simply re verā,

    id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:

    re verāque,

    Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:

    et re verā,

    indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—
    B.
    Effects, substance, property, possessions:

    mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:

    quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:

    rem talentum decem,

    id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:

    avidior ad rem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:

    rem facere,

    to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:

    res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

    id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:

    qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,

    id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:

    libertino natum patre et in tenui re,

    in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):

    privatae res,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—
    2.
    Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):

    res corporales,

    Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:

    res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,

    Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:

    res sanctae,

    Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—
    C.
    Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:

    res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:

    melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:

    haec tuā re feceris,

    to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:

    quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,

    is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):

    si in rem tuam esse videatur,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:

    vide si hoc in rem deputas,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

    quod in rem recte conducat tuam,

    id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:

    si in remst utrique,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:

    quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,

    useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:

    tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

    Sall. C. 20, 1:

    omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,

    Curt. 6, 2, 21:

    ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,

    Liv. 30, 4, 6:

    imperat quae in rem sunt,

    id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:

    ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,

    for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:

    haud id est ab re aucupis,

    id. As. 1, 3, 71:

    haec haud ab re duxi referre,

    Liv. 8, 11, 1:

    non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,

    id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—
    D.
    Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:

    eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,

    Cato, R. R. 158, 2:

    hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,

    Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:

    illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:

    patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:

    quoi rei?

    for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—
    E.
    An affair, matter of business, business:

    cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

    rem cum aliquo transigere,

    id. Clu. 13, 39. —

    Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,

    to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:

    famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:

    quoniam cum senatore res est,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;

    esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,

    to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:

    jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —
    F.
    A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):

    ubi res prolatae sunt,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:

    res agi,

    id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:

    quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.

    (prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.

    also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,

    Liv. 1, 32:

    de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,

    id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    si res certabitur olim,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

    tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,

    Dig. 3, 3, 12:

    rem differre,

    ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—
    G.
    An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:

    res gesta virtute,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:

    ut res gesta est ordine narrare,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:

    his rebus gestis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    res gerere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:

    rem bene gerere,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

    comminus rem gerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

    res gestae,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:

    adversus duos simul rem gerere,

    Liv. 21, 60:

    rem male gerere,

    Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:

    in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,

    Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:

    rem agere,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:

    ante rem,

    before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:

    cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,

    Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—
    H.
    Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:

    res in unam sententiam scripta,

    Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:

    cui lecta potenter erit res,

    Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:

    in medias res auditorem rapere,

    id. A. P. 148; 310:

    agitur res in scaenis,

    id. ib. 179; cf.:

    numeros animosque secutus, non res,

    id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:

    sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,

    Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:

    litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,

    Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:

    res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,

    history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—
    K.
    Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:

    erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

    dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,

    id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:

    si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,

    id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:

    egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

    quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,

    Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:

    commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,

    id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:

    merere de republicā,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 40:

    de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    oppugnare rem publicam,

    id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:

    paene victā re publicā,

    id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:

    delere rem publicam,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:

    senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:

    ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,

    id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;

    but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:

    eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—
    2.
    Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):

    hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,

    Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

    nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,

    Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:

    parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,

    id. 6, 41 fin.:

    Romana,

    Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:

    ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,

    Liv. 1, 28 fin.:

    Albana,

    id. 1, 6.— In plur.:

    res Asiae evertere,

    Verg. A. 3, 1:

    custode rerum Caesare,

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:

    res sine discordiā translatae,

    Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —
    L.
    Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > res

  • 7 ratio

    rătĭo, onis (abl. rationi, Lucr. 6, 66), f. [reor, ratus], a reckoning, account, calculation, computation.
    I.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Sing.: Les. Nequaquam argenti ratio conparet tamen. Sta. Ratio quidem hercle adparet: argentum oichetai, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

    rationem putare... bene ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 141; 146; cf.: ad calculos vocare amicitiam, ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

    itur, putatur ratio cum argentario... Ubi disputata est ratio cum argentario,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 53 sq.:

    dextera digitis rationem computat,

    id. Mil. 2, 2, 49:

    magna ratio C. Verruci,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 188:

    direptio ejus pecuniae, cujus ratio in aede Opis confecta est,

    id. Phil. 5, 6, 16; cf.:

    quibus in tabulis nominatim, ratio confecta erat, qui numerus domo exisset, etc.,... Quarum omnium rerum summa erat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 29: auri ratio constat: aurum in aerario est, the account agrees, i. e. is correct, Cic. Fl. 28, 69 (v. consto):

    decumo post mense, ut rationem te dictare intellego,

    to make the reckoning, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 38 (al. ductare):

    rationem ducere,

    to make a computation, to compute, calculate, reckon, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; so, rationem habere, to take an account, make a computation:

    omnium proeliorum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 53; cf.:

    hujus omnis pecuniae conjunctim ratio habetur,

    id. B. G. 6, 19; and:

    piratarum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 71:

    rationem inire,

    to cast up, reckon, calculate, Caes. B. G. 7, 71, 4:

    quattuor minae periere, ut ratio redditur,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 23; cf.:

    tibi ego rationem reddam?

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 6; id. Trin. 2, 4, 114:

    rationem referre,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

    rationem repetere de pecuniis repetundis,

    id. Clu. 37, 104: Py. Quanta istaec hominum summa est? Ar. Septem millia. Py. Tantum esse oportet:

    recte rationem tenes,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47 et saep.:

    drachumae, quas de ratione debuisti,

    according to the account, id. Trin. 2, 4, 24:

    grandem (pecuniam) quemadmodum in rationem inducerent, non videbant,

    how they should bring it into their accounts, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106.—
    (β).
    Plur.: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causa quae parata sunt;

    rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, etc.,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

    rationes ad aerarium continuo detuli... quas rationes si cognoris, intelleges, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 25, 61:

    ut rationes cum publicanis putarent,

    id. Att. 4, 11, 1:

    rationes a colono accepit,

    id. Caecin. 32, 94:

    quid opus est? inquam. Rationes conferatis. Assidunt, subducunt, ad nummum convenit,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

    rationes referre... rationes deferre,

    id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

    Romani pueri longis rationibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere,

    Hor. A. P. 325 et saep.:

    A RATIONIBVS,

    an accountant, Inscr. Orell. 1494; 2973; 2986; 4173 et saep. (cf. ab).—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    A list, roll, register (rare):

    cedo rationem carceris, quae diligentissime conficitur, quo quisque die datus in custodiam, quo mortuus, quo necatus sit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

    rationes imperii, ab Augusto proponi solitas, sed a Tiberio intermissas, publicavit (sc. Caligula),

    Suet. Calig. 16 ( = breviarium) totius imperii, id. Aug. 101 fin.:

    rationarium imperii,

    id. ib. 28.—
    2.
    A sum, number (rare), Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11:

    nunc lenonum et scortorum plus est fere Quam olim muscarum est. Ea nimia est ratio,

    id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

    pro ratione pecuniae liberalius est Brutus tractatus quam Pompeius,

    Cic. Att. 6, 3, 5; cf. II. B. 1. c. infra.—
    3.
    A business matter, transaction, business; also, a matter, affair, in gen. (a favorite word of Cicero):

    res rationesque eri Ballionis curo,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 31:

    res rationesque vestrorum omnium,

    id. Am. prol. 4:

    re ac ratione cum aliquo conjunctus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

    de tota illa ratione atque re Gallicana inter se multa communicare,

    id. Quint. 4, 15:

    cum (Druides) in reliquis fere rebus, publicis privatisque rationibus, Graecis utantur litteris,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 14 (metaphrast. pragmasi):

    ratio nummaria,

    Cic. Att. 10, 11, 2:

    aeraria ratio,

    id. Quint. 4, 15:

    ratio domestica... bellica,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

    quod ad popularem rationem attinet,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 4:

    rationes familiares componere,

    Tac. A. 6, 16 fin.:

    fori judiciique rationem Messala suscepit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149; cf.:

    in explicandis rationibus rerum civilium,

    id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    rationes civitatis,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 11:

    quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum... nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 17, 35:

    propter rationem Gallici belli,

    id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; so id. ib. 8, 14, 35:

    ad omnem rationem humanitatis,

    id. Mur. 31, 66: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu facillime perspicies, id. Fam. 1, 7, 6 fin.:

    ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam naturam meam,

    id. Att. 9, 11, A, 1.—
    b.
    Pregn.: meae (tuae, etc.) rationes, my ( thy, etc.) interest, my ( thy, etc.) advantage (cf. in Engl. to find one's account in any thing):

    me ad ejus rationes adjungo, quem tu in meis rationibus tibi esse adjungendum putasti,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2; cf.:

    exemplum meis alienissimum rationibus,

    id. Corn. Fragm. 1, 7 B. and K.:

    consideres, quid tuae rationes postulent,

    Sall. C. 44, 5: servitia repudiabat... alienum suis rationibus existimans videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis communicasse, inconsistent with his policy or interests, id. ib. 56, 5:

    si meas rationes unquam vestrae saluti anteposuissem,

    Cic. Red. ad Quir. 1, 1.
    II.
    Trop., a reckoning, account, computation:

    postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi,

    presented this reckoning, Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 12:

    itidem hic ut Acheronti ratio accepti scribitur,

    i.e. things are taken only, nothing is given back, id. Truc. 4, 2, 36:

    nomen (comoediae) jam habetis, nunc rationes ceteras Accipite,

    an account of the rest, id. Poen. prol. 55; cf.:

    census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

    id. Trin. 4, 2, 30; so,

    rationem dare, for the more usual rationem reddere,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 86 Mull.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92 Zumpt:

    (argentarii) ratione utuntur,

    make a reckoning, settle up, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

    cum eam mecum rationem puto,

    go into that calculation, think over the matter, id. ib. 3, 2, 25; cf.:

    frustra egomet mecum has rationes puto,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 54:

    (Medea et Atreus) inita subductaque ratione nefaria scelera meditantes,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71:

    quod posteaquam iste cognovit hanc rationem habere coepit,

    to make the following calculation, reflection, id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101; cf.: totius rei consilium his rationibus explicavit, ut si, etc.,... si, etc.,... sin, etc., drew the plan of the whole undertaking according to the following calculation, that if, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 78;

    and herewith cf.: rationem consilii mei accipite,

    id. ib. 3, 86:

    ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me convenias, etc.,

    that you may calculate, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    semper ita vivamus, ut rationem reddendam nobis arbitremur,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28; cf.:

    nihil est, quod minus ferendum sit, quam rationem ab altero vitae reposcere eum, qui non possit suae reddere,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28;

    and with this cf.: si gravius quid acciderit, abs te rationem reposcent,

    will call you to account, Caes. B. G. 5, 30: clarorum virorum atque magnorum non minus otii, quam negotii rationem exstare oportere, an account must be capable of being given, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

    tam otii quam negotii rationem reddere majores censuisse,

    Col. 11 fin.: eam condicionem esse imperandi, ut non aliter ratio constet, quam si uni reddatur, that the account is not correct unless, etc., Tac. A. 1, 6 fin.:

    mirum est quam singulis diebus in urbe ratio aut constet aut constare videatur,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 1; 1, 5, 16 et saep.; cf. Just. praef. 5.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Relation, reference, respect to a thing:

    (agricolae) habent rationem cum terra, quae nunquam recusat imperium,

    have an account, have to do, have dealings with the earth, Cic. Sen. 15, 51; cf.:

    ubi ratio cum Orco habetur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 3;

    for which: ubi sit cum Orco ratio ponenda,

    Col. 1, 3, 2:

    cum omnibus Musis rationem habere cogito,

    Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2:

    cum hac (muliere) aliquid adulescentem hominem habuisse rationis,

    id. Cael. 20, 50; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190. omnes, quibuscum ratio huic aut est aut fuit, assunt, defendunt, id. Quint. 23, 75; cf.

    . quae ratio tibi cum eo intercesserat?

    id. Rosc. Com. 14, 41:

    pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio, in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?

    id. Phil. 4, 6, 14:

    quod si habenda cum M. Antonii latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, etc.,

    id. ib. 12, 7, 17:

    fontes ad nostrorum annalium rationem veteres, ad ipsorum sane recentes,

    in respect to our annals, id. Brut. 13, 49.—
    b.
    Pregn., a respect, regard, concern, consideration, care for a thing (usu. in the connection habere and ducere alicujus rei rationem): ad hanc rationem quoniam maximam vim natura habet, fortuna proximam: utriusque omnino habenda ratio est in deligendo genere vitae, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 120:

    quorum (civium Romanorum) nobis pro vestra sapientia, Quirites, habenda est ratio diligenter,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17:

    (deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

    id. Leg. 2, 7, 15:

    cujus absentis rationem haberi proximis comitiis populus jussisset,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 9; so,

    absentis,

    id. ib. 1, 32; 3, 82 fin.:

    sauciorum et aegrorum habita ratione,

    id. ib. 3, 75:

    moneret, frumenti rationem esse habendam,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 34;

    so (al. frumentandi), rationem habere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 75 Oud.; cf. id. ib. 7, 71:

    alicujus vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 17: ut summae rei publicae rationem habeamus, Pompeius ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, c, 3:

    alicujus salutis rationem habere,

    i. e. to regard, care for, be concerned about, Caes. B. G. 7, 71; so id. B. C. 1, 20:

    turpissimae fugae rationem habere,

    id. ib. 2, 31:

    ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sui solum sed etiam aliorum, sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

    proinde habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

    habere nunc se rationem officii pro beneficiis Caesaris,

    id. B. G. 5, 27:

    non ullius rationem sui commodi ducit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

    cum hujusce periculi tum ceterorum quoque officiorum et amicitiarum ratio,

    id. Clu. 42, 117:

    omnis hac in re habenda ratio et diligentia est, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 24, 89; cf.:

    didici ex tuis litteris, te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut mihi consuleres,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

    habeo rationem, quid a populo Romano acceperim,

    bring into consideration, consider, id. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

    ut habere rationem possis, quo loco me salva lege Cornelia convenias, ego veni, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 6, 6:

    neque illud rationis habuisti, eam provinciam ad summam stultitiam nequitiamque venisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 38; cf.:

    hoc rationis habebant, facere eos nullo modo posse, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 29, e70.—
    c.
    Relation to a thing, i. e.
    (α).
    Subject., course, conduct, procedure, mode, manner, method, fashion, plan, etc. (cf. consilium):

    nunc sic rationem incipissam, hanc instituam astutiam, ut, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 82; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 175 sqq.:

    ubi cenas hodic, si hanc rationem instituis?

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26; id. Truc. 1, 1, 3:

    tua ratio est, ut secundum binos ludos mihi respondere incipias: mea, ut ante primos ludos comperendinem. Ita fiet, ut tua ista ratio existimetur astuta, meum hoc consilium necessarium,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 11, 34; cf.:

    ratio viaque defensionis,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 4:

    itaque in praesentia Pompeii insequendi rationem omittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

    mea autem ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 292:

    haec in philosophia ratio contra omnia disserendi,

    id. N. D. 1, 5, 11:

    dicendi,

    id. Or. 32, 114; id. de Or. 3, 15, 56; cf.:

    aliquot ante annis inita ratio est, ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 2, 36, 61:

    ut, quo primum occurreretur, vix ratio iniri possit,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 24:

    quia reponendarum (tegularum) nemo artifex inire rationem potuerit,

    Liv. 42, 3 fin. —In plur.:

    hoc aditu laudis non mea me voluntas sed meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae prohibuerunt,

    plan of life, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1:

    de rationibus rerum publicarum aut constituendarum aut tuendarum,

    id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.—
    (β).
    Object., relation, condition, nature, kind, sort, fashion, way, etc. (cf. modus):

    sed ratio ordoque agminis aliter se habebat ac Belgae ad Nervios detulerant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 19; cf.:

    ut rei militaris ratio atque ordo postulabat,

    id. ib. 2, 22; so,

    rei militaris,

    id. ib. 4, 23:

    ratio atque usus belli,

    the art and practice of war, id. ib. 4, 1; id. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 2, 18; 3, 17 et saep. al.; cf.:

    novae rationes bellandi,

    id. ib. 3, 50:

    ratio equestris proelii,

    id. B. G. 5, 16:

    quorum operum haec erat ratio, etc.,

    id. B. C. 1, 25; cf.: rationem pontis hanc instituit;

    tigna bina, etc.,

    id. B. G. 4, 17:

    serpit per omnium vitas amicitia, nec ullam aetatis degendae rationem patitur esse expertem sui,

    Cic. Lael. 23, 87; cf.:

    ita ratio comparata est vitae naturaeque nostrae, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 27, 101; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

    civitas (Platonis) non quae possit esse, sed in qua ratio rerum civilium perspici posset,

    id. Rep. 2, 30, 52 init.; cf.:

    reliqui disseruerunt de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

    1, 8, 13: quam creberrimis litteris faciam ut tibi nota sit omnis ratio dierum atque itinerum meorum,

    id. Fam. 3, 5, 4: quoniam eadem est ratio juris in utroque, id. Rep. 3, 12, 21; cf.:

    haec eadem ratio est in summa totius Galliae,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 11 fin.:

    ab nostris eadem ratione, qua pridie, resistitur,

    id. ib. 5, 40; id. B. C. 3, 100; cf. id. ib. 3, 101:

    docet, longe alia ratione esse bellum gerendum atque antea sit gestum,

    id. B. G. 7, 14:

    hoc si Romae fieri posset, certe aliqua ratione expugnasset iste,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, ee130:

    quid refert, qua me ratione cogatis?

    id. Lael. 8, 26:

    quod fuit illis conandum atque omni ratione efficiendum,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 65 fin.; 1, 67 fin.:

    simili ratione Pompeius in suis castris consedit,

    id. ib. 3, 76:

    auxilium ferri nulla ratione poterat,

    id. ib. 1, 70:

    nec quibus rationibus superare possent, sed quem ad modum uti victoria deberent, cogitabant,

    id. ib. 3, 83 fin.; 3, 58; 3, 18 fin. et saep.—
    (γ).
    With gen. of a subst. in circumlocution for the subst. itself (v. Zumpt, Gram. §

    678): vereor ne oratio mea aliena ab judiciorum ratione esse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, ee109:

    multa autem propter rationem brevitatis praetermittenda,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 40, ee

    103: quantas perturbationes et quantos aestus habet ratio comitiorum?

    id. Mur. 17, 35:

    nihil fallacius ratione tota comitiorum,

    id. ib. 17, 36:

    praedicere tempestatum rationem et praedonum,

    id. ib. 2, 4:

    tota ratio talium largitionum genere vitiosa est,

    id. Off. 2, 17, 60.—
    2.
    Pregn., that faculty of the mind which forms the basis of computation and calculation, and hence of mental action in general, i. e. judgment, understanding, reason: duplex est vis animorum atque natura: una pars in appetitu posita est, quae est hormê Graece, quae hominem huc et illuc rapit;

    altera in ratione, quae docet et explanat, quid faciendum, quid fugiendum sit. Ita fit, ut ratio praesit, appetitus obtemperet,

    Cic. Off. 1, 28, 101:

    homo, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adjungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem concilia homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 11 sq.:

    haud scio, an melius fuerit, humano generi motum istum celerem cogitationis, acumen, sollertiam, quam rationem vocamus, non dari omnino quam tam munifice et tam large dari, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 27, 69:

    lex est ratio summa, insita in natura, quae jubet ea, quae facienda sunt, prohibetque contraria. Eadem ratio, cum est in hominis mente confirmata et confecta, lex est,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

    ut, quos ratio non posset, eos ad officium religio duceret,

    id. N. D. 1, 42, 118:

    mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est,

    id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. Liv. 28, 28:

    si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, si ratio, consilium, prudentia, Pompeius antistat,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; cf. id. Quint. 16, 53; and:

    si ratio et prudentia curas aufert,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 25:

    quibus in rebus temeritas et casus, non ratio nec consilium valet,

    Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85; cf.:

    illa de urbis situ revoces ad rationem quae a Romulo casu aut necessitate facta sunt,

    id. Rep. 2, 11, 22; and:

    moneo ut agentem te ratio ducat, non fortuna,

    Liv. 22, 39 fin.: mulier abundat audacia;

    consilio et ratione deficitur,

    Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

    Ariovistum magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse. Cui rationi contra homines barbaros locus fuisset, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40: arma amens capio;

    nec sat rationis in armis,

    Verg. A. 2, 314:

    rationis egens,

    id. ib. 8, 299 et saep.:

    iracundia dissidens a ratione,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    majora quam hominum ratio consequi possit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 15:

    quantum ratione provideri poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 16 fin.:

    quantumque in ratione esset, exploratum habuit,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 6 init.:

    nec majore ratione bellum administrari posse,

    Caes. B. C. 7, 21:

    minari divisoribus ratio non erat,

    it was not reasonable, was contrary to reason, Cic. Verr. 1, 9, 24; so, nulla ratio est, with an objectclause, id. Caecin. 5, 15; so,

    too, minime rationis est,

    Col. 3, 5, 3; cf. with dat.:

    Vitellianus exercitus, cui acquiescere Cremonae ratio fuit,

    which, as reason dictated, ought to have rested at Cremona, Tac. H. 3, 22:

    quod domi te inclusisti, ratione fecisti,

    reasonably, sensibly, judiciously, Cic. Att. 12, [p. 1527] 14, 3.—
    b.
    The reasonable cause of a thing, a ground, motive, reason:

    ratio est causa, quae demonstrat, verum esse id, quod intendimus, brevi subjectione. Rationis confirmatio est ea, quae pluribus argumentis corroborat breviter expositam rationem,

    Auct. Her. 2, 18, 28:

    quid tandem habuit argumenti aut rationis res, quamobrem, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; cf.:

    nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus: deinde contraria refutare,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 80:

    noverit orator argumentorum et rationum locos,

    id. Or. 14, 44 (v. also argumentum):

    si mei consilii causam rationemque cognoverit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1; cf.:

    ad eam sententiam cum reliquis causis haec quoque ratio eos deduxit, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 10 fin.:

    quam habet rationem, non quaero aequitatis, sed ipsius improbitatis atque impudentiae?... facti, si non bonam, at aliquam rationem afferre,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, e196; cf.:

    deinde nihil rationis affert, quamobrem, etc.,

    id. Caecin. 33, 96:

    non deest hoc loco copia rationum, quibus docere velitis, humanas esse formas deorum: primum quod, etc.... deinde quod, etc.... tertiam rationem affertis, quod, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 27, 76:

    et quidem, cur sic opinetur, rationem subicit,

    id. Div. 2, 50, 104:

    idcirco minus existimo te nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse,

    id. Att. 8, 11, D, §

    5: nunc non modo agendi rationem nullam habeo, sed ne cogitandi quidem,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

    rationes in ea disputatione a te collectae vetabant me rei publicae penitus diffidere,

    id. Fam. 5, 13, 3; cf. id. Ac. 2, 36, 116:

    rationibus conquisitis de voluptate et dolore disputandum putant,

    id. Fin. 1, 9, 31; cf.:

    quod cum disputando rationibusque docuisset,

    id. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus opponuntur ab his, qui contra disputant primum labores, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:

    num parva causa aut prava ratio est?

    reason, excuse, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 27.—
    (β).
    In rhet., a showing cause, argument, reasoning in support of a proposition:

    ratio est, quae continet causam, quae si sublata sit, nihil in causa controversiae relinquatur, hoc modo: Orestes si accusetur matricidii, nisi hoc dicat, Jure feci, illa enim patrem meum occiderat, non habet defensionem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 13, 18:

    ad propositum subjecta ratio, et item in distributis supposita ratio,

    id. de Or. 3, 54, 207; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 4; 5, 14, 1; 16; 7, 8, 3.—
    c.
    Reasonableness, reason, propriety, law, rule, order, conformity, etc.:

    in omnibus, quae ratione docentur et via, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,

    in a reasonable, regular manner, Cic. Or. 33, 116; cf.:

    ut ratione et via procedat oratio,

    id. Fin. 1, 9, 29:

    modo et ratione aliquid facere (along with recte atque ordine facere),

    id. Quint. 7, 28; cf.:

    quae res Nec modum habet neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 266:

    nihil est, quod ratione et numero moveri possit sine consilio,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 16, 43:

    intervallis imparibus, sed tamen pro rata parte ratione distinctis,

    divided proportionally by rule, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf.:

    ex summis et infimis et mediis interjectis ordinibus ut sonis moderata ratione civitas concinit,

    in symmetrical proportion, id. ib. 2, 42, 69:

    in quo defuit fortasse ratio, sed tamen vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

    order, system, id. ib. 2, 33, 57;

    5, 5, 7: declinatio si cum ratione fiet,

    reasonably, id. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

    ratio et distributio,

    a reasonable division, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 1, 1.—
    d.
    A theory, doctrine, or system based upon reason; science, and (less freq.), subject., knowledge:

    erat enim tunc haec nova et ignota ratio, solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; cf.:

    nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 8, 13;

    2, 39, 66: si animum contulisti in istam rationem et quasi artem,

    id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.:

    omnes tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava dijudicant,

    id. de Or. 3, 50, 195; id. Brut. 74, 258:

    continet enim totam hanc quaestionem ea ratio, quae est de natura deorum,

    id. Div. 1, 51, 117:

    Epicuri ratio, quae plerisque notissima est,

    doctrine, system, philosophy, id. Fin. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

    Stoicorum ratio disciplinaque,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 20:

    Cynicorum ratio,

    id. ib. 1, 41, 148; so id. Fin. 3, 20, 68: ratio vivendi... ratio civilis et disciplina populorum, the art of living... statesmanship, id. Rep. 3, 3, 4; cf.:

    etiamsi cui videbitur illa in optimis studiis et artibus quieta vitae ratio beatior, haec civilis laudabilior est certe et illustrior,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

    improba navigii ratio tum caeca jacebat,

    Lucr. 5, 1004: saltationis ac musicae rationis studiosi, Col. prooem. e3 al.—Subject., knowledge:

    si qua (est in me) exercitatio dicendi aut si hujus rei ratio aliqua, ab optimarum artium studiis ac disciplina profecta,

    Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—
    e.
    A view or opinion resting upon reasonable grounds:

    mea sic est ratio,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 43; cf.:

    inventus est nemo, cujus non haec et sententia esset et oratio, non esse metuendum, etc.... Haec cum omnes sentirent et cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 68 sq.; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 1:

    cujus ratio etsi non valuit,

    Nep. Milt. 3, 6 (just before: hujus cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti).—
    f.
    In philos. lang., a production of proof, argumentation, reasoning: (Epicurus) tollit definitiones; nihil de dividendo ac partiendo docet;

    non, quo modo efficiatur concludaturque ratio, tradit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 10, 25; id. de Or. 2, 38, 158:

    ratio ipsa coget, et ex aeternitate quaedam esse vera et ea non esse nexa causis aeternis, etc.,

    id. Fat. 16, 38; cf.:

    ergo, ubi tyrannus est, ibi non vitiosam ut heri dicebam, sed, ut nunc ratio cogit, dicendum est, plane nullam esse rem publicam,

    id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ratio

  • 8 solemn

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solemn

  • 9 sollemne

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollemne

  • 10 sollemnis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollemnis

  • 11 sollempnis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollempnis

  • 12 sollenn

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollenn

  • 13 sollennis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollennis

  • 14 nātūrālis

        nātūrālis e, adj.    [natura], natural, by birth, one's own: filius, L.: decōris Munus, O.—As subst n.: alquid naturale habere, innate capacity.—Of the nature of things, produced by nature, according to nature, natural: societas: lex: bonum: malum, O.: desiderium corporum, L.: quaestiones, concerning nature.
    * * *
    I
    physical/natural scientist; physicist; natural philosopher
    II
    naturalis, naturale ADJ
    natural, normal, typical, characteristic; inate, inherent; physical (science); natural; (not adoptive, parents); (parts of body/genitals, excretory outlets)

    Latin-English dictionary > nātūrālis

  • 15 absum

    ab-sum, āfui (better than abfui), āfŭtārus (aforem, afore), v. n., in its most general signif., to be away from, be absent.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Absol. without designating the distance (opp. adsum):

    num ab domo absum?

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16:

    me absente atque insciente,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 130:

    domini ubi absunt,

    are not at home, not present, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53: facile aerumnam ferre possum, si inde abest injuria, Caecil. ap. Non. 430, 18.—
    B.
    With reference to the distance in space or time; which is expressed either by a definite number, or, in gen., by the advs. multum, paulum (not parum, v. below) longe, etc.:

    edixit, ut ab urbe abesset milia pass. ducenta,

    Cic. Sest. 12, 29:

    castra, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

    haud longe abesse oportet,

    he ought not to be far hence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 166:

    legiones magnum spatium aberant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

    menses tres abest,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 66:

    haud permultum a me aberit infortunium,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 7.—With the simple abl. for ab:

    paulumque cum ejus villa abessemus,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 1 Görenz; but, ab ejus villa, B. and K.; cf.:

    nuptā abesse tuā,

    Ov. R. Am. 774.— With inter:

    nec longis inter se passibus absunt,

    Verg. A. 11, 907.—With prope, propius, proxime, to denote a short distance:

    nunc nobis prope abest exitium,

    is not far from, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 8;

    so with est: prope est a te Deus, tecum est,

    Sen. Ep. 41:

    loca, quae a Brundisio propius absunt, quam tu, biduum,

    Cic. Att. 8, 14:

    quoniam abes propius,

    since you are nearer, id. ib. 1, 1:

    existat aliquid, quod... absit longissime a vero,

    id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; so id. Deiot. 13; Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16 al.—Hence the phrase: tantum abest, ut—ut, so far from — that, etc. (Zumpt, §

    779), the origin of which is evident from the following examples from Cic. (the first two of which have been unjustly assailed): id tantum abest ab officio, ut nihil magis officio possit esse contrarium, Off. 1, 14 (with which comp. the person. expression: equidem tantum absum ab ista sententia, ut non modo non arbitrer... sed, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 60, 255):

    tantum abest ab eo, ut malum mors sit, ut verear, ne, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76: ego vero istos tantum abest ut ornem, ut effici non possit, quin eos oderim, so far am I from — that, id. Phil. 11, 14; sometimes etiam or quoque is added to the second clause, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 2; Suet. Tib. 50; more rarely contra, Liv. 6, 31, 4. Sometimes the second ut is left out:

    tantum afuit, ut inflammares nostros animos: somnum isto loco vix tenebamus,

    Cic. Brut. 80, 278; on the contrary, once in Cic. with a third ut: tantum abest ut nostra miremur, ut usque eo difficiles ac morosi simus, ut nobis non satisfaciat ipse Demosthenes, Or. 29, 104.
    II.
    Hence,
    A.
    To be away from any thing unpleasant, to be freed or free from:

    a multis et magnis molestiis abes,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3:

    a culpa,

    id. Rosc. Am. 20: a reprehensione temeritatis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23.
    B.
    To be removed from a thing by will, inclination, etc.; to be disinclined to (syn. abhorreo)' a consilio fugiendi, Cic. Att. 7, 24:

    ab istis studiis,

    id. Planc. 25:

    ceteri a periculis aberant,

    kept aloof from, avoided, Sall. C. 6, 3. toto aberant bello, Caes. B. G. 7, 63.
    C.
    To be removed from a thing in regard to condition or quality, i. e. to be different from, to differ = abhorrere abest a tua virtute et fide, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2: istae kolakeiai non longe absunt a scelere, id. Att. 13, 30:

    haec non absunt a consuetudine somniorum,

    id. Divin. 1, 21, [p. 13] 42.—Since improvement, as well as deterioration, may constitute the ground of difference, so absum may, according to its connection, designate the one or the other:

    nullā re longius absumus a naturā ferarum,

    in nothing are we more elevated above the nature of the brute, Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50;

    so also the much-contested passage,

    Cic. Planc. 7, 17: longissime Plancius a te afuit, i. e. valde, plurimis suffragiis, te vicit, was far from you in the number of votes, i. e. had the majority; v. Wunder ad Planc. proleg. p. 83 sq.; on the other hand, to be less, inferior: longe te a pulchris abesse sensisti, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 339, 23:

    multum ab eis aberat L. Fufius,

    id. Brut. 62, 222; so Hor. A. P. 370.
    D.
    Not to be suitable, proper, or fit for a thing:

    quae absunt ab forensi contentione,

    Cic. Or. 11, 37:

    ab principis personā,

    Nep. Ep. 1, 2.
    E.
    To be wanting, = desum, Pac. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 122 Rib.):

    unum a praeturā tuā abest,

    one thing is wanting to your praetorship, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 25: quaeris id quod habes;

    quod abest non quaeris,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 16; cf. Lucr. 3, 970 and 1095.—After Cicero, constr. in this signif. with dat.:

    quid huic abesse poterit de maximarum rerum scientiā?

    Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 48:

    abest enim historia litteris nostris,

    history is yet wanting to our literature, id. Leg. 2, 5.—So esp. in the poets:

    donec virenti canities abest morosa,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 17; 3, 24, 64; Ov. M. 14, 371.—Hence the phrase non multum (neque multum), paulum, non (haud) procul, minimum, nihil abest, quin. not much, little, nothing is wanting that (Zumpt, Gr. § 540); but not parum, since parum in good classical authors does not correspond in meaning with non multum, but with non satis (v. parum):

    neque multum abesse ab eo, quin, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 2, 2; and absol.:

    neque multum afuit quin,

    id. B. C. 2, 35, 4:

    paulumque afuit quin, ib. § 2: legatos nostros haud procul afuit quin violarent,

    Liv. 5, 4 fin.:

    minimum afuit quin periret,

    was within a little of, Suet. Aug. 14:

    nihil afore credunt quin,

    Verg. A. 8, 147 al.
    F.
    Abesse alicui or ab aliquo, to be wanting to any one, to be of no assistance or service to (opp. adsum):

    ut mirari Torquatus desinat, me, qui Antonio afuerim, Sullam defendere,

    Cic. Sull. 5: facile etiam absentibus nobis ( without our aid) veritas se ipsa defendet, id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

    longe iis fraternum nomen populi Romani afuturum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 36. So also Cic. Planc. 5, 13: et quo plus intererat, eo plus aberas a me, the more I needed your assistance, the more you neglected me, v. Wunder ad h. l.; cf. also Sall. C. 20 fin.
    G.
    Cicero uses abesse to designate his banishment from Rome (which he would never acknowledge as such):

    qui nullā lege abessem,

    Cic. Sest. 34, 37; cf.: discessus. —Hence, absens, entis ( gen. plur. regul. absentium;

    absentum,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 5), P. a., absent (opp. praesens).
    A.
    In gen.:

    vos et praesentem me curā levatis et absenti magna solatia dedistis,

    Cic. Brut. 3, 11; so id. Off. 3, 33, 121; id. Verr. 2, 2, 17:

    quocirca (amici) et absentes adsunt et egentes abundant,

    id. Lael. 7, 23:

    ut loquerer tecum absens, cum coram id non licet,

    id. Att. 7, 15:

    me absente,

    id. Dom. 3; id. Cael. 50:

    illo absente,

    id. Tull. 17; id. Verr. 2, 60:

    absente accusatore,

    id. ib. 2, 99 al.— Sup.:

    mente absentissimus,

    Aug. Conf. 4, 4.—Of things (not thus in Cic.):

    Romae rus optas, absentem rusticus urbem tollis ad astra,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 28; so,

    Rhodus,

    id. Ep. 1, 11, 21:

    rogus,

    Mart. 9, 77, 8:

    venti,

    Stat. Th. 5, 87:

    imagines rerum absentium,

    Quint. 6, 2, 29:

    versus,

    Gell. 20, 10.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In conversat. lang.
    (α).
    Praesens absens, in one's presence or absence:

    postulo ut mihi tua domus te praesente absente pateat,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 29.—
    (β).
    Absente nobis turbatumst, in our absence (so also:

    praesente nobis, v. praesens),

    Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; Afran. ap. Non. 76, 19 (Com. Rel. p. 165 Rib.).—
    2.
    In polit. lang., not appearing in public canvassings as a competitor:

    deligere (Scipio) iterum consul absens,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 11; so Liv. 4, 42, 1; 10, 22, 9.—
    3.
    = mortuus, deceased, Plaut. Cas. prol. 20; Vitr. 7, praef. § 8.—
    4.
    Ellipt.: absens in Lucanis, absent in Lucania, i. e. absent and in Lucania, Nep. Hann. 5, 3; so id. Att. 8, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > absum

  • 16 agmen

    agmĕn, ĭnis, n. [as if contr. from agimen, from ago; cf.: tegimen, tegmen, from tego].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., a train, i. e. a collected multitude in motion or moving forwards; of things of any kind, but esp. (so most freq. in prose) of men or animals. —Of streams of water, motion, course, current: quod per amoenam urbem lent fluit agmine flumen, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4:

    inde super terras fluit agmine dulci,

    Lucr. 5, 272; cf. id. 6, 638; also,

    in imitation of Enn., Virg. and Val. Fl.: leni fluit agmine Thybris,

    Verg. A. 2, 782; cf. Val. Fl. 4, 721.—Of a train or succession of clouds:

    denso sunt agmine nubes,

    Lucr. 6, 100.—Of rain:

    immensum caelo venit agmen aquarum,

    body, mass, Verg. G. 1, 322 —Of atoms:

    agmine condenso naturam corporis explent,

    crowded into a compact mass, Lucr. 1, 607.—Of oars:

    agmine re morum ceieri,

    with quick plashing of oars, Verg. A. 5, 211.—Of a flock of birds: agmi ne magno. Corvorum. Verg. G. 1, 381.—Of a snake winding onwards:

    cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,

    Verg. G. 3, 424; cf. id. A. 2, 212.—Of clouds of dust following any thing in rapid motion, as men, animals, etc.:

    agmina cervi Pulverulenta,

    Verg. A. 4, 154.—And, as subst. concr., of birds turba Agminis aligeri, of the winged band, Verg A. 12, 249.—Of ants;

    frugilegas aspeximus agmine longo formi cas,

    Ov. M 7, 624; so id. ib. 7, 638.—Of the stars: diffugiunt stellae;

    quarum agmina cogit Lucifer,

    Ov. M. 2, 114; so id. ib. 11, 97 al.—Eap. of a company of persons, a multitude, troop, crowd, number, band:

    ut a Brundisic nsque Romam agmen perpetuum totius Italiae viderem,

    Cic. Pis. 22:

    magno senatorum agmine,

    Tac. H. 3, 55:

    ingens mulierum agmen,

    Liv. 2, 40:

    muliebre et miserabile agmen,

    Tac. A. 1, 40: numerosum agmen reorum, Plin Ep. 3, 9, and Tac. H. 4, 6: Eumenidum agmina, Verg A. 4, 469.—But particularly,
    B.
    The train, procession, march, progress of an army:

    de castris, de agminibus, etc., dicere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

    ne miles gregarius in castris, neve in agmine servum aut jumentum haberet,

    Sall. J. 45, 2:

    pugnatum saepe directā acie, saepe in agminibus, saepe eruptionibus,

    Vell. 2, 47:

    effuso agmine abire,

    Liv. 44, 39:

    uno agmine victores cum victis in urbem irrupere,

    id. 2, 30;

    uno agmine persequentes,

    Vulg. Judith, 15, 4 al. —
    II.
    Transf., concr., an army, and properly considered as in motion, on the march (while exercitus is a disciplined army, and acies an army in battle-array) —As soon as the signal for marching was given, the Extraordinarii and the allies of the right wing, with their baggage, first put themselves in motion, then the legions, and last the allies of the left wing, with a part of the cavalry, which either rode behind the army, ad agmen claudendum or cogendum. to close the train, i. e. to keep it to gether or on the side in such an order (composito agmine, non itineri magis apto quam proelio) that it might be easily put into the line of battle, if the enemy ven tured to attack it; cf. Sall. J. 46, 6.—An army in close ranks was called agmen justum, Tac. H. 1, 68, or agmen pilatum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 121—When there was no apprehension of the enemy, less care was taken for the protection of the army:

    agmine incauto, i. e. minus munito, ut inter pacatos, ducebat, sc. consul,

    Liv. 35, 4.—

    The order of march was, however, different, according to circumstances and the nature of the ground,

    Liv. 35, 4; 27, 28; and cf. Smith's Antiq.—Sometimes the army marched in the form of a square, agmen quadratum, with their baggage in the middle, so as to be in battle-array on meeting the enemy; hence agmen quadratum often means the same as acies triplex, an army formed in line of battle, only that the former indicates that they are on the march, and the latter that they are at rest.—Hence, like acies, with the epithet primum, the vanguard, Liv. 34, 28; Tac. Agr. 35:

    medium,

    the centre, Liv. 10, 41; Tac. H. 4, 22:

    extremum,

    Liv. 34, 28; Tac. H. 2, 100;

    or, novissimum,

    the rear, rearguard, Liv. 44, 33; so,

    extremi agminis,

    Vulg. Deut. 25, 18:

    ut inde agmine quadratc ad urbem accederet,

    marching in a square, Cic. Phil. 13, 8:

    pariter atque in conspectu hostium quadrato agmine incedere,

    Sall. J 100, 1; cf. id. ib. 46, 6, 7:

    Hannibal agmine quadrato amnem ingressus,

    Liv. 21, 5; se id. 31, 36; 37, 39:

    quadrato agmine velut in aciem irent,

    Curt. 5, 1, 19 al. —Sometimes, esp. in the poets in the plur., in gen. [p. 73] sense, = exercitus or copiae, an army, host, troops:

    huic tanto agmini dux defuit,

    Just. 12, 10:

    occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen,

    Hor. C. 3, 8, 18:

    agmina curru Proterit,

    Verg. A. 12, 329:

    barbarorum Claudius agmina diruit,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 29; so id. S. 2, 1, 14; id. Epod. 17, 9; Ov. M. 3, 535; 5, 151, 161; 6, 423:

    Del agminum Israël,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 17, 45:

    agmina ejus dispergam,

    ib. Ezech. 12, 14; 38, 6.—For military service, warfare:

    rudis agminum Sponsus,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 9.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    An army, troop, band, multitude:

    educenda dictio est ex hac domesticā exercitatione et umbratili medium in agmen, in pulverem, in clamorem, in castra, aciemque forensem,

    i. e. before the public, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

    e Brundisio usque Romam agmen perpetuum totius Italiae,

    an unbroken train, id. Pis. 22, 51:

    ingens mulierum agmen,

    Liv. 2, 40; 9, 17:

    agmina Eumenidum,

    Verg. A. 4, 469; 6, 572:

    agmina comitum,

    Ov. Tr. 14, 30:

    in angusto fidus comes agmine turbae,

    Tib. 1, 5, 63:

    numerosum agmen reorum,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 9:

    agmen occupationum,

    an army of, id. ib. 2, 8.—
    2.
    March, movement:

    agmina fati et volumina,

    Gell. 6, 2, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > agmen

  • 17 solutum

    solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

    soluisse,

    Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
    I.
    To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    Outwardly, to release.
    a.
    From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

    solvite istas,

    i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

    solvite istum,

    id. Mil. 5, 32:

    numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

    jube solvi (eum),

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

    ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

    ut vincti solvantur,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

    12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    ita nexi soluti (sunt),

    Liv. 8, 28, 9:

    solvite me, pueri,

    Verg. E. 6, 24:

    fore ut brevi solveretur,

    Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

    canis solutus catena,

    Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

    solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

    Stat. Th. 5, 15:

    terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
    b.
    From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

    solverat sol equos,

    unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

    et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

    et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

    id. H. 11, 4:

    praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

    Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

    soluta toga,

    Quint. 11, 3, 147:

    vela solvere,

    Verg. A. 4, 574.—
    c.
    From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

    Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

    Prop. 2, 1, 69:

    fraxinus solvitur,

    from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

    ceciditque soluta pinus,

    id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

    pinus radice soluta, deficit,

    id. S. 5, 1, 152:

    solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

    accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

    detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

    but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

    Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

    querno solvunt de stipite funem,

    id. F. 4, 333:

    fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

    id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

    curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

    Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

    imber caelesti nube solutus,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

    cum solis radii absumant,

    Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

    solutum a latere pugionem,

    detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
    d.
    Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
    (α).
    With acc. alone:

    eisce confectis navem solvimus,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

    navim cupimus solvere,

    id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

    naves solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

    3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

    Liv. 45, 6:

    postero die solvere naves (jussi),

    id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

    classem solvere,

    Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
    (β).
    With ab and abl.:

    navis a terra solverunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

    quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

    Liv. 31, 7 med.:

    solvunt a litore puppes,

    Luc. 2, 649.—
    (γ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

    interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
    (δ).
    With abl.:

    complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

    portu solventibus,

    id. Mur. 2, 4.—
    (ε).
    Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

    tertia fere vigilia solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

    nos eo die cenati solvimus,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

    altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

    Liv. 31, 14 init.:

    qui inde solverant,

    Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

    solvi mare languido,

    Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

    fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

    id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

    non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

    making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
    (ζ).
    With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

    naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
    (η).
    Poet. usages:

    de litore puppis solvit iter,

    clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

    nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

    Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
    e.
    Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

    Lucr. 6, 706:

    cruor solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 9, 530:

    lacrimas solvere,

    id. Achill. 2, 256:

    solutis lacrimis,

    Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

    partus solvere,

    to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
    2.
    To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
    a.
    In gen.:

    omne colligatum solvi potest,

    Cic. Fin. 11.—
    b.
    Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

    Curt. 8, 10, 3:

    solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

    dubitavit an solveret pontem,

    Curt. 4, 16, 8:

    solvere pontem,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    si pons solutus sit,

    Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

    solutus pons tempestatibus,

    Just. 2, 13, 9:

    currum (solis) solutum,

    Manil. 1, 740.—
    c.
    Of woven stuff:

    solvens texta,

    Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
    d.
    Of mountains:

    utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

    tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

    id. Agam. 553.—
    e.
    Of the neck:

    soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

    broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
    f.
    Of a comet:

    momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
    g.
    Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

    solve capillos,

    Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

    crinem,

    id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

    comas casside,

    Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
    h.
    Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

    post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

    ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

    Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
    3.
    To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
    (α).
    Of a change into air or gas:

    calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

    dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

    nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

    id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

    ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 285;

    nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

    Ov. M. 15, 845.—
    (β).
    Into a liquid, to melt:

    saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

    terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

    id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

    nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

    Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

    ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

    nivem solvere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

    rigor auri solvitur aestu,

    Lucr. 1, 493:

    ferrum calidi solvant camini,

    Manil. 4, 250:

    cerae igne solutae,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

    Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

    Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

    (herba) quinto die solvitur,

    id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
    (γ).
    Of putrefaction:

    (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

    Verg. G. 4, 302.—
    (δ).
    Of change in general:

    inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

    Ov. F. 1, 108:

    repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

    Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
    (ε).
    Of expansion by heat:

    (uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
    (ζ).
    Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

    gravitas aeris solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
    (η).
    Solvi in, to pass into, become:

    in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

    Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

    donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

    disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

    postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

    Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
    4.
    To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

    solvere orbes,

    Manil. 1, 497:

    ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

    Lucr. 3, 287:

    (Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

    Liv. 39, 40, 11:

    si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

    (turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

    tabes solvit corpora,

    Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

    nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

    id. 3, 506:

    ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

    Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

    solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

    Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

    hanc mihi solvite vitam,

    Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
    a.
    From the body, etc.:

    teque isto corpore solvo,

    Verg. A. 4, 703:

    soluta corpore anima,

    Quint. 5, 14, 13:

    qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

    Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    vocem solvere,

    to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

    suspiria solvit,

    Stat. Th. 11, 604:

    solvat turba jocos,

    Sen. Med. 114:

    solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

    Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

    unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
    b.
    Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

    linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

    Ov. M. 3, 261:

    lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

    ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

    id. Const. 11, 3:

    (fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

    Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

    magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

    of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

    unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    c.
    From obligations and debts:

    solvit me debito,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

    an nos debito solverit,

    id. Ep. 81, 3:

    ut religione civitas solvatur,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

    te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

    hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

    Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

    sacramento solvi,

    Tac. A. 16, 13:

    cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

    Dig. 49, 16, 13:

    militia solvere,

    Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

    ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

    Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

    ut manere solveretur,

    that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
    d.
    From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

    si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

    be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

    atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

    id. ib. 4, 9:

    sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

    Ov. F. 6, 452:

    ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    Helenen ego crimine solvo,

    id. A. A. 2, 371:

    quid crimine solvis Germanum?

    Stat. Th. 11, 379:

    solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
    e.
    From feelings, etc.:

    quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

    cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

    senatus cura belli solutus,

    Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

    pectus linquunt cura solutum,

    Lucr. 2, 45:

    his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

    soluti metu,

    Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

    solvent formidine terras,

    Verg. E. 4, 14:

    solve metu patriam,

    Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

    metu belli Scythas solvit,

    Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

    haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

    soluti a cupiditatibus,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

    id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

    longo luctu,

    Verg. A. 2, 26:

    tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

    Sen. Hippol. 450:

    solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

    id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

    Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

    solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

    the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

    rabie tigrim,

    Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

    ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

    Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

    calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

    i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

    solvite animos,

    Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

    vix haec in munera solvo animum,

    i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
    f.
    From sleep, very rare:

    ego somno solutus sum,

    awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
    g.
    From labor, business, etc.:

    volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

    Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

    solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

    Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

    Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

    to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
    h.
    From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    frontem solvere disce,

    Mart. 14, 183:

    saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

    Stat. Th. 11, 373:

    solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

    solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

    be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

    vultum risu solvit,

    relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

    risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

    Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

    solvere judicem,

    unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

    solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

    Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

    ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

    cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

    solventur risu tabulae,

    i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

    quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
    k.
    From any cause of restraint.
    (α).
    To release from siege:

    Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

    Liv. 44, 30:

    patriam obsidione solvere,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
    (β).
    From moral restraints:

    hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

    gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
    l.
    From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
    (α).
    To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

    Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

    cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

    ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

    id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

    Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

    id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

    solvatne legibus Scipionem,

    Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

    petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

    Liv. 31, 50, 8:

    Scipio legibus solutus est,

    id. Epit. 56:

    Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

    Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

    ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

    Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

    (aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

    solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

    id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

    nec leti lege solutas,

    Lucr. 3, 687:

    nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

    Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

    et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
    (β).
    Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

    reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

    i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

    soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

    id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

    solutus Legibus insanis,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

    quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

    Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
    2.
    To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
    (α).
    Of troops, ranks, etc.:

    ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

    Liv. 42, 65, 8:

    incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

    Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

    agmina Diductis solvere choris,

    Verg. A. 5, 581:

    solvit maniplos,

    Juv. 8, 154:

    solvuntur laudata cohors,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

    commissas acies ego possum solvere,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
    (β).
    Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

    convivio soluto,

    Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

    convivium solvit,

    Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

    Quid cessas convivia solvere?

    Ov. F. 6, 675:

    coetuque soluto Discedunt,

    id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
    (γ).
    Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

    (discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

    Quint. 1, 9, 2:

    quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

    id. 9, 4, 14:

    ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

    id. 1, 8, 13:

    non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
    3.
    Implying a change for the worse.
    a.
    To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

    Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

    Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

    usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

    infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

    Quint. 1, 2, 6:

    solutus luxu,

    id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

    soluti in luxum,

    Tac. H. 2, 99:

    in lasciviam,

    id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

    si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
    b.
    To make torpid by removing sensation.
    (α).
    To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

    as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

    Lucr. 6, 798:

    ima Solvuntur latera,

    Verg. G. 3, 523:

    solvi debilitate corporis,

    paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

    ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

    Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

    illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

    segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

    wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

    mentes solvere,

    to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
    (β).
    By frost ( poet.):

    solvuntur illi frigore membra,

    Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
    (γ).
    By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

    homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

    Ov. M. 7, 186:

    corpora somnus Solverat,

    id. ib. 10, 369:

    molli languore solutus,

    id. ib. 11, 648;

    11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

    id. ib. 8, 817:

    somno vinoque solutos,

    id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

    ut membra solvit sopor,

    id. ib. 12, 867:

    non solvit pectora somnus,

    Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

    solvitur in somnos,

    Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

    aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

    lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
    (δ).
    By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

    corporibus quae senectus solvit,

    Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

    (corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

    alius inter cenandum solutus est,

    id. Ep. 66, 43:

    ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

    id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

    me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

    Sen. Troad. 605:

    solvi inedia,

    Petr. 111:

    sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

    Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
    4.
    Of logical dissolution, to refute:

    non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

    how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

    argumentum solvere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

    Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
    b.
    To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

    deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
    II.
    To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

    post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

    Quint. 2, 12, 1:

    qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

    Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

    supera compage soluta,

    Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
    2.
    To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

    nullo solvente catenas,

    Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

    solvere frenum,

    Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

    loris solutis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

    qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

    Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

    gelu solvitur,

    it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

    solvitur acris hiems,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

    facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

    Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

    looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

    indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

    Stat. Th. 5, 217:

    digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

    id. ib. 8, 585.—
    3.
    To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

    solve vidulum ergo,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

    eam solve cistulam,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

    solve zonam,

    untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

    solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 62:

    animai nodos a corpore solvit,

    Lucr. 2, 950:

    nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

    Curt. 3, 1, 18:

    quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

    Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

    solvere nodum,

    Stat. Th. 11, 646:

    laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

    Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

    vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

    Ov. M. 9, 58:

    fasciam solve,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

    solutis fasciis,

    Curt. 7, 6, 5:

    solvi fasciculum,

    Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

    crinales vittas,

    Verg. A. 7, 403:

    Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

    Curt. 7, 2, 25:

    equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

    redimicula solvite collo,

    Ov. F. 4, 135:

    corollas de fronte,

    Prop. 1, 3, 21:

    solvere portas,

    Stat. Th. 3, 492:

    munimina valli,

    id. ib. 12, 10:

    ille pharetram Solvit,

    Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

    solutis ac patefactis venis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

    venam cultello solvere,

    Col. 6, 14; cf.

    also: lychnis alvum solvit,

    looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

    ventrem,

    Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

    stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

    loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
    B.
    Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
    1.
    Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
    a.
    Of the mouth, etc., to open:

    talibus ora solvit verbis,

    Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

    ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

    Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

    vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

    os promptius ac solutius,

    Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

    hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
    b.
    To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

    si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

    cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

    id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

    morte solvetur compromissum,

    Dig. 4, 8, 27:

    soluto matrimonio,

    ib. 24, 3, 2:

    solutum conjugium,

    Juv. 9, 79:

    qui... conjugalia solvit,

    Sen. Med. 144:

    nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

    Ov. M. 11, 743:

    (sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

    cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
    c.
    To efface guilt or wrong:

    magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

    Ov. F. 5, 304:

    solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

    id. ib. 2, 44:

    culpa soluta mea est,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

    neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
    d.
    Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

    less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

    Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    capite poenas solvit,

    Sall. J. 69, 4:

    meritas poenas solventem,

    Curt. 6, 3, 14:

    poenarum solvendi tempus,

    Lucr. 5, 1224:

    nunc solvo poenas,

    Sen. Phoen. 172:

    hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

    id. Hippol. 1177.—
    e.
    To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

    atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

    Lucr. 4, 908:

    curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

    patrimonii cura solvatur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

    2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

    Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

    solvite corde metum,

    Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

    solve metus animo,

    Stat. Th. 2, 356:

    solvi pericula et metus narrant,

    Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

    hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

    id. A. A. 2, 460:

    solvitque pudorem,

    Verg. A. 4, 55.—
    f.
    Of sleep:

    quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

    Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

    nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

    Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

    lassitudinem solvere,

    Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
    g.
    Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
    (α).
    To raise a siege:

    solutam cernebat obsidionem,

    Liv. 36, 10, 14:

    soluta obsidione,

    id. 36, 31, 7:

    ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

    id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

    cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

    Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
    (γ).
    To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

    quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

    Sall. J. 39, 5:

    imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

    Sen. Oedip. 525:

    sonipedes imperia solvunt,

    id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

    sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
    h.
    Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

    solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

    Curt. 10, 2, 5:

    solutae a se legis monitus,

    Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

    cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

    Liv. 8, 4, 7:

    (Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

    id. 1, 49, 7:

    oportebat istum morem solvi,

    Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
    2.
    Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
    a.
    To subvert discipline:

    disciplinam militarem solvisti,

    Liv. 8, 7, 16:

    luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

    id. 40, 1, 4:

    quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

    Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
    b.
    Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

    nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

    Sall. J. 41, 6:

    patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    vires solvere,

    Quint. 9, 4, 7:

    vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
    c.
    Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

    segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

    similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

    Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

    hoc firmos solvit amores,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

    amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

    Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
    d.
    Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

    vitex dicitur febres solvere,

    Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

    solvit jejunia granis,

    Ov. F. 4, 607:

    quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

    id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

    famem,

    Sen. Thyest. 64.—
    e.
    To delay:

    hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

    Sen. Troad. 1131.—
    f.
    Of darkness, to dispel:

    lux solverat umbras,

    Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
    g.
    Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

    aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

    Sen. Phoen. 406:

    electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

    jurgia solvere,

    Manil. 3, 115:

    contradictiones solvere,

    Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
    h.
    Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

    quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

    Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

    aenigmata,

    Quint. 8, 6, 53:

    omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

    Suet. Gram. 11:

    haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

    unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

    that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

    puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

    id. Ep. 48, 6:

    carmina non intellecta Solverat,

    Ov. M. 7, 760:

    triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

    Sen. Oedip. 102:

    nodos juris,

    Juv. 8, 50:

    proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

    Quint. 5, 10, 96:

    plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

    id. 1, 10, 49:

    quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

    id. 3, 7, 3:

    ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

    id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
    3.
    In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
    a.
    To pay.
    (α).
    Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

    quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

    inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

    Liv. 6, 14, 5:

    quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

    id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

    pro vectura rem solvit?

    paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

    ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

    tibi res soluta est recte,

    id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

    ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

    rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

    id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

    dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

    res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

    id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

    semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

    they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

    si tergo res solvonda'st,

    by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

    habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

    id. Curc. 3, 9:

    tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
    (β).
    Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

    cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

    ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

    id. ib. 20, 46:

    misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

    qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

    ut creditori solvat,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

    si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

    it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

    numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

    to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

    fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

    cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

    Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

    non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
    (γ).
    With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

    postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

    hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

    settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

    solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

    id. Fl. 23, 54:

    ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

    id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

    solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

    aes alienum solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

    quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

    id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

    debitum solvere,

    id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

    ne pecunias creditas solverent,

    Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

    ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

    ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5:

    ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

    cum patriae quod debes solveris,

    Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

    debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

    id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

    aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

    qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
    (δ).
    By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

    emi: pecuniam solvi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

    pro frumento nihil solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

    169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

    Liv. 44, 16:

    hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

    nisi pecuniam solvisset,

    id. Cim. 1, 1:

    condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

    Liv. 30, 37 med.:

    pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

    id. 36, 3, 1:

    pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

    id. 32, 26, 14:

    pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

    id. 40, 39 fin.:

    meritam mercedem,

    id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

    quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

    stipendium,

    Liv. 28, 32, 1:

    dotem mulieri,

    Dig. 24, 3, 2:

    litem aestimatam,

    the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

    arbitria funeris,

    the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

    solvere dodrantem,

    to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

    dona puer solvit,

    paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

    munera,

    id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

    et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

    si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

    Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

    si (actor) solutus fuisset,

    Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
    (ε).
    Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

    aliquid praesens solvere,

    to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

    aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

    solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

    Vell. 2, 25:

    quas solvere grates sufficiam?

    Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

    nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

    Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

    unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

    id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

    Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

    Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

    homines dicere, se a me solvere,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

    (summa) erat solvenda de meo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

    operas solvere alicui,

    to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

    stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

    iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

    2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

    a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

    in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

    Liv. 31, 13:

    nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

    Dig. 50, 17, 105:

    qui modo solvendo sint,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

    si solvendo sint,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

    nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

    solvendo non erat,

    Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

    cum solvendo civitates non essent,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

    id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

    ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

    id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

    and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

    Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

    *non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

    Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
    b.
    To fulfil the duty of burial.
    (α).
    Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

    qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

    who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

    justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

    Curt. 3, 12, 15:

    proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

    id. 10, 6, 7:

    ut justa soluta Remo,

    Ov. F. 5, 452:

    nunc justa nato solve,

    Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
    (β).
    Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

    exsequiis rite solutis,

    Verg. A. 7, 5:

    cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

    Sen. Hippol. 1198:

    solvere suprema militibus,

    Tac. A. 1, 61.—
    c.
    Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
    (α).
    Alone:

    vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

    quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

    Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

    liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

    id. 40, 44, 8:

    placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

    id. 36, 37 fin.:

    petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

    id. 45, 44:

    animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

    Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

    vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

    Tac. A. 2, 69:

    vota pater solvit,

    Ov. M. 9, 707:

    ne votum solvat,

    Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

    voti debita solvere,

    Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

    the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

    Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

    V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

    ib. 2022 et saep.:

    sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

    Manil. 1, 427.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

    vota Jovi solvo,

    Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

    sunt vota soluta deae,

    id. F. 6, 248:

    dis vota solvis,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

    libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

    Just. 18, 5, 4.—
    d.
    Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

    fidem obligatam liberare,

    Suet. Claud. 9):

    illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

    Flor. 1, 1, 12;

    similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

    Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
    e.
    Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

    perinde quasi promissum solvens,

    Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

    solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

    similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

    what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

    tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

    reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

    cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

    Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

    nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

    unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

    duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

    Liv. 27, 51:

    eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

    id. 24, 45, 10:

    non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
    2.
    (Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

    postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

    ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

    Col. 2, 9:

    soluta et facilis terra,

    id. 3, 14;

    solum solutum vel spissum,

    id. 2, 2 init.;

    seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

    Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

    hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

    id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

    solutiores ripae,

    Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

    mas spissior, femina solutior,

    Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

    dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

    turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

    aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

    debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

    (orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

    Cic. Or. 47, 173:

    verbis solutus satis,

    id. ib. 47, 174:

    solutissimus in dicendo,

    id. ib. 48, 180.—
    2.
    Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

    quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

    Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

    soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

    unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

    si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

    non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

    id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

    solutus omni fenore,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

    nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

    Liv. 8, 32, 5:

    Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
    3.
    Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

    quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

    Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

    apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

    i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

    maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
    4.
    Free from cares, undistracted:

    animo soluto liberoque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

    sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
    5.
    At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

    te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

    quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

    Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
    6.
    Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

    quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

    Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

    an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

    Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

    vultus,

    Stat. Th. 5, 355:

    (mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

    unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
    7.
    Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

    cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

    Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

    ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

    Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

    Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

    Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

    incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

    Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

    rectore solutos (solis) equos,

    Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
    8.
    Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

    nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

    cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

    id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

    judicio senatus soluto et libero,

    id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

    sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

    liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

    uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
    9.
    Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    licentia,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

    populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

    quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

    id. Mil. 13, 34:

    quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

    Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

    adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

    id. 2, 1, 2:

    solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

    a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    mores soluti,

    licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
    10.
    Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

    orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

    Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

    dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

    Tac. A. 16, 18.—
    11.
    Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
    (α).
    Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

    est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
    (β).
    More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

    in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

    Cic. Or. 52, 174:

    mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

    id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

    68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

    Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

    de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

    id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

    ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

    id. ib. 7, 1:

    primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

    Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

    Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

    id. Or. 57, 192:

    et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

    id. ib. 64, 215:

    a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

    id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
    (γ).
    Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

    ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

    nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
    (δ).
    Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

    soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

    Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

    solutiora componere,

    id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
    12.
    Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

    sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

    Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
    13.
    Undisciplined, disorderly:

    omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

    Liv. 8, 30, 3:

    nihil temeritate solutum,

    Tac. A. 13, 40:

    apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

    Just. 34, 2, 2.—
    14.
    Lax, remiss, weak:

    mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

    Tac. Or. 18:

    soluti ac fluentes,

    Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

    solutum genus orationis,

    a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

    quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

    laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

    aliquid in solutum dare,

    to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

    qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

    qui rem in solutum accipit,

    Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

    in solutum imputare,

    to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

    pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

    Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

    pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

    Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
    1.
    Thinly:

    corpora diffusa solute,

    Lucr. 4, 53.—
    2.
    Of speech, fluently:

    non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 29, 110:

    ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,

    id. ib. 81, 280:

    quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,

    Tac. A. 4, 31.—
    3.
    Irregularly, loosely:

    a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
    4.
    Freely, without restraint:

    generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,

    i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
    5.
    Of style, without connection, loosely:

    enuntiare,

    Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
    6.
    Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:

    praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),

    Liv. 39, 1, 4:

    in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,

    id. 23, 37, 6.—
    7.
    Weakly, tamely, without vigor:

    quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

    Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
    8.
    Of morals, loosely, without restraint:

    ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,

    Tac. A. 13, 47.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solutum

  • 18 solvo

    solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

    soluisse,

    Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
    I.
    To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    Outwardly, to release.
    a.
    From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

    solvite istas,

    i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

    solvite istum,

    id. Mil. 5, 32:

    numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

    jube solvi (eum),

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

    ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

    ut vincti solvantur,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

    12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    ita nexi soluti (sunt),

    Liv. 8, 28, 9:

    solvite me, pueri,

    Verg. E. 6, 24:

    fore ut brevi solveretur,

    Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

    canis solutus catena,

    Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

    solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

    Stat. Th. 5, 15:

    terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
    b.
    From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

    solverat sol equos,

    unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

    et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

    et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

    id. H. 11, 4:

    praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

    Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

    soluta toga,

    Quint. 11, 3, 147:

    vela solvere,

    Verg. A. 4, 574.—
    c.
    From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

    Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

    Prop. 2, 1, 69:

    fraxinus solvitur,

    from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

    ceciditque soluta pinus,

    id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

    pinus radice soluta, deficit,

    id. S. 5, 1, 152:

    solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

    accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

    detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

    but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

    Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

    querno solvunt de stipite funem,

    id. F. 4, 333:

    fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

    id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

    curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

    Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

    imber caelesti nube solutus,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

    cum solis radii absumant,

    Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

    solutum a latere pugionem,

    detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
    d.
    Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
    (α).
    With acc. alone:

    eisce confectis navem solvimus,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

    navim cupimus solvere,

    id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

    naves solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

    3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

    Liv. 45, 6:

    postero die solvere naves (jussi),

    id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

    classem solvere,

    Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
    (β).
    With ab and abl.:

    navis a terra solverunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

    quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

    Liv. 31, 7 med.:

    solvunt a litore puppes,

    Luc. 2, 649.—
    (γ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

    interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
    (δ).
    With abl.:

    complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

    portu solventibus,

    id. Mur. 2, 4.—
    (ε).
    Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

    tertia fere vigilia solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

    nos eo die cenati solvimus,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

    altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

    Liv. 31, 14 init.:

    qui inde solverant,

    Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

    solvi mare languido,

    Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

    fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

    id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

    non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

    making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
    (ζ).
    With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

    naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
    (η).
    Poet. usages:

    de litore puppis solvit iter,

    clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

    nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

    Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
    e.
    Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

    Lucr. 6, 706:

    cruor solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 9, 530:

    lacrimas solvere,

    id. Achill. 2, 256:

    solutis lacrimis,

    Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

    partus solvere,

    to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
    2.
    To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
    a.
    In gen.:

    omne colligatum solvi potest,

    Cic. Fin. 11.—
    b.
    Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

    Curt. 8, 10, 3:

    solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

    dubitavit an solveret pontem,

    Curt. 4, 16, 8:

    solvere pontem,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    si pons solutus sit,

    Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

    solutus pons tempestatibus,

    Just. 2, 13, 9:

    currum (solis) solutum,

    Manil. 1, 740.—
    c.
    Of woven stuff:

    solvens texta,

    Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
    d.
    Of mountains:

    utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

    tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

    id. Agam. 553.—
    e.
    Of the neck:

    soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

    broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
    f.
    Of a comet:

    momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
    g.
    Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

    solve capillos,

    Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

    crinem,

    id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

    comas casside,

    Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
    h.
    Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

    post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

    ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

    Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
    3.
    To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
    (α).
    Of a change into air or gas:

    calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

    dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

    nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

    id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

    ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 285;

    nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

    Ov. M. 15, 845.—
    (β).
    Into a liquid, to melt:

    saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

    terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

    id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

    nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

    Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

    ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

    nivem solvere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

    rigor auri solvitur aestu,

    Lucr. 1, 493:

    ferrum calidi solvant camini,

    Manil. 4, 250:

    cerae igne solutae,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

    Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

    Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

    (herba) quinto die solvitur,

    id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
    (γ).
    Of putrefaction:

    (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

    Verg. G. 4, 302.—
    (δ).
    Of change in general:

    inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

    Ov. F. 1, 108:

    repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

    Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
    (ε).
    Of expansion by heat:

    (uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
    (ζ).
    Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

    gravitas aeris solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
    (η).
    Solvi in, to pass into, become:

    in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

    Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

    donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

    disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

    postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

    Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
    4.
    To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

    solvere orbes,

    Manil. 1, 497:

    ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

    Lucr. 3, 287:

    (Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

    Liv. 39, 40, 11:

    si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

    (turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

    tabes solvit corpora,

    Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

    nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

    id. 3, 506:

    ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

    Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

    solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

    Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

    hanc mihi solvite vitam,

    Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
    a.
    From the body, etc.:

    teque isto corpore solvo,

    Verg. A. 4, 703:

    soluta corpore anima,

    Quint. 5, 14, 13:

    qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

    Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    vocem solvere,

    to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

    suspiria solvit,

    Stat. Th. 11, 604:

    solvat turba jocos,

    Sen. Med. 114:

    solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

    Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

    unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
    b.
    Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

    linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

    Ov. M. 3, 261:

    lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

    ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

    id. Const. 11, 3:

    (fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

    Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

    magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

    of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

    unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    c.
    From obligations and debts:

    solvit me debito,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

    an nos debito solverit,

    id. Ep. 81, 3:

    ut religione civitas solvatur,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

    te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

    hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

    Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

    sacramento solvi,

    Tac. A. 16, 13:

    cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

    Dig. 49, 16, 13:

    militia solvere,

    Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

    ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

    Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

    ut manere solveretur,

    that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
    d.
    From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

    si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

    be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

    atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

    id. ib. 4, 9:

    sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

    Ov. F. 6, 452:

    ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    Helenen ego crimine solvo,

    id. A. A. 2, 371:

    quid crimine solvis Germanum?

    Stat. Th. 11, 379:

    solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
    e.
    From feelings, etc.:

    quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

    cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

    senatus cura belli solutus,

    Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

    pectus linquunt cura solutum,

    Lucr. 2, 45:

    his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

    soluti metu,

    Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

    solvent formidine terras,

    Verg. E. 4, 14:

    solve metu patriam,

    Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

    metu belli Scythas solvit,

    Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

    haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

    soluti a cupiditatibus,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

    id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

    longo luctu,

    Verg. A. 2, 26:

    tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

    Sen. Hippol. 450:

    solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

    id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

    Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

    solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

    the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

    rabie tigrim,

    Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

    ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

    Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

    calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

    i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

    solvite animos,

    Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

    vix haec in munera solvo animum,

    i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
    f.
    From sleep, very rare:

    ego somno solutus sum,

    awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
    g.
    From labor, business, etc.:

    volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

    Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

    solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

    Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

    Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

    to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
    h.
    From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    frontem solvere disce,

    Mart. 14, 183:

    saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

    Stat. Th. 11, 373:

    solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

    solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

    be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

    vultum risu solvit,

    relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

    risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

    Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

    solvere judicem,

    unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

    solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

    Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

    ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

    cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

    solventur risu tabulae,

    i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

    quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
    k.
    From any cause of restraint.
    (α).
    To release from siege:

    Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

    Liv. 44, 30:

    patriam obsidione solvere,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
    (β).
    From moral restraints:

    hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

    gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
    l.
    From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
    (α).
    To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

    Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

    cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

    ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

    id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

    Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

    id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

    solvatne legibus Scipionem,

    Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

    petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

    Liv. 31, 50, 8:

    Scipio legibus solutus est,

    id. Epit. 56:

    Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

    Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

    ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

    Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

    (aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

    solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

    id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

    nec leti lege solutas,

    Lucr. 3, 687:

    nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

    Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

    et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
    (β).
    Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

    reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

    i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

    soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

    id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

    solutus Legibus insanis,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

    quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

    Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
    2.
    To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
    (α).
    Of troops, ranks, etc.:

    ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

    Liv. 42, 65, 8:

    incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

    Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

    agmina Diductis solvere choris,

    Verg. A. 5, 581:

    solvit maniplos,

    Juv. 8, 154:

    solvuntur laudata cohors,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

    commissas acies ego possum solvere,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
    (β).
    Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

    convivio soluto,

    Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

    convivium solvit,

    Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

    Quid cessas convivia solvere?

    Ov. F. 6, 675:

    coetuque soluto Discedunt,

    id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
    (γ).
    Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

    (discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

    Quint. 1, 9, 2:

    quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

    id. 9, 4, 14:

    ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

    id. 1, 8, 13:

    non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
    3.
    Implying a change for the worse.
    a.
    To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

    Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

    Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

    usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

    infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

    Quint. 1, 2, 6:

    solutus luxu,

    id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

    soluti in luxum,

    Tac. H. 2, 99:

    in lasciviam,

    id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

    si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
    b.
    To make torpid by removing sensation.
    (α).
    To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

    as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

    Lucr. 6, 798:

    ima Solvuntur latera,

    Verg. G. 3, 523:

    solvi debilitate corporis,

    paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

    ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

    Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

    illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

    segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

    wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

    mentes solvere,

    to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
    (β).
    By frost ( poet.):

    solvuntur illi frigore membra,

    Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
    (γ).
    By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

    homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

    Ov. M. 7, 186:

    corpora somnus Solverat,

    id. ib. 10, 369:

    molli languore solutus,

    id. ib. 11, 648;

    11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

    id. ib. 8, 817:

    somno vinoque solutos,

    id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

    ut membra solvit sopor,

    id. ib. 12, 867:

    non solvit pectora somnus,

    Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

    solvitur in somnos,

    Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

    aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

    lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
    (δ).
    By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

    corporibus quae senectus solvit,

    Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

    (corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

    alius inter cenandum solutus est,

    id. Ep. 66, 43:

    ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

    id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

    me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

    Sen. Troad. 605:

    solvi inedia,

    Petr. 111:

    sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

    Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
    4.
    Of logical dissolution, to refute:

    non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

    how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

    argumentum solvere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

    Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
    b.
    To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

    deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
    II.
    To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

    post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

    Quint. 2, 12, 1:

    qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

    Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

    supera compage soluta,

    Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
    2.
    To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

    nullo solvente catenas,

    Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

    solvere frenum,

    Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

    loris solutis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

    qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

    Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

    gelu solvitur,

    it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

    solvitur acris hiems,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

    facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

    Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

    looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

    indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

    Stat. Th. 5, 217:

    digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

    id. ib. 8, 585.—
    3.
    To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

    solve vidulum ergo,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

    eam solve cistulam,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

    solve zonam,

    untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

    solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 62:

    animai nodos a corpore solvit,

    Lucr. 2, 950:

    nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

    Curt. 3, 1, 18:

    quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

    Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

    solvere nodum,

    Stat. Th. 11, 646:

    laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

    Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

    vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

    Ov. M. 9, 58:

    fasciam solve,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

    solutis fasciis,

    Curt. 7, 6, 5:

    solvi fasciculum,

    Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

    crinales vittas,

    Verg. A. 7, 403:

    Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

    Curt. 7, 2, 25:

    equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

    redimicula solvite collo,

    Ov. F. 4, 135:

    corollas de fronte,

    Prop. 1, 3, 21:

    solvere portas,

    Stat. Th. 3, 492:

    munimina valli,

    id. ib. 12, 10:

    ille pharetram Solvit,

    Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

    solutis ac patefactis venis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

    venam cultello solvere,

    Col. 6, 14; cf.

    also: lychnis alvum solvit,

    looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

    ventrem,

    Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

    stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

    loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
    B.
    Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
    1.
    Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
    a.
    Of the mouth, etc., to open:

    talibus ora solvit verbis,

    Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

    ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

    Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

    vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

    os promptius ac solutius,

    Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

    hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
    b.
    To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

    si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

    cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

    id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

    morte solvetur compromissum,

    Dig. 4, 8, 27:

    soluto matrimonio,

    ib. 24, 3, 2:

    solutum conjugium,

    Juv. 9, 79:

    qui... conjugalia solvit,

    Sen. Med. 144:

    nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

    Ov. M. 11, 743:

    (sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

    cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
    c.
    To efface guilt or wrong:

    magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

    Ov. F. 5, 304:

    solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

    id. ib. 2, 44:

    culpa soluta mea est,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

    neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
    d.
    Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

    less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

    Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    capite poenas solvit,

    Sall. J. 69, 4:

    meritas poenas solventem,

    Curt. 6, 3, 14:

    poenarum solvendi tempus,

    Lucr. 5, 1224:

    nunc solvo poenas,

    Sen. Phoen. 172:

    hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

    id. Hippol. 1177.—
    e.
    To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

    atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

    Lucr. 4, 908:

    curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

    patrimonii cura solvatur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

    2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

    Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

    solvite corde metum,

    Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

    solve metus animo,

    Stat. Th. 2, 356:

    solvi pericula et metus narrant,

    Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

    hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

    id. A. A. 2, 460:

    solvitque pudorem,

    Verg. A. 4, 55.—
    f.
    Of sleep:

    quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

    Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

    nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

    Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

    lassitudinem solvere,

    Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
    g.
    Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
    (α).
    To raise a siege:

    solutam cernebat obsidionem,

    Liv. 36, 10, 14:

    soluta obsidione,

    id. 36, 31, 7:

    ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

    id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

    cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

    Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
    (γ).
    To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

    quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

    Sall. J. 39, 5:

    imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

    Sen. Oedip. 525:

    sonipedes imperia solvunt,

    id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

    sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
    h.
    Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

    solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

    Curt. 10, 2, 5:

    solutae a se legis monitus,

    Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

    cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

    Liv. 8, 4, 7:

    (Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

    id. 1, 49, 7:

    oportebat istum morem solvi,

    Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
    2.
    Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
    a.
    To subvert discipline:

    disciplinam militarem solvisti,

    Liv. 8, 7, 16:

    luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

    id. 40, 1, 4:

    quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

    Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
    b.
    Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

    nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

    Sall. J. 41, 6:

    patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    vires solvere,

    Quint. 9, 4, 7:

    vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
    c.
    Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

    segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

    similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

    Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

    hoc firmos solvit amores,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

    amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

    Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
    d.
    Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

    vitex dicitur febres solvere,

    Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

    solvit jejunia granis,

    Ov. F. 4, 607:

    quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

    id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

    famem,

    Sen. Thyest. 64.—
    e.
    To delay:

    hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

    Sen. Troad. 1131.—
    f.
    Of darkness, to dispel:

    lux solverat umbras,

    Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
    g.
    Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

    aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

    Sen. Phoen. 406:

    electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

    jurgia solvere,

    Manil. 3, 115:

    contradictiones solvere,

    Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
    h.
    Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

    quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

    Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

    aenigmata,

    Quint. 8, 6, 53:

    omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

    Suet. Gram. 11:

    haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

    unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

    that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

    puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

    id. Ep. 48, 6:

    carmina non intellecta Solverat,

    Ov. M. 7, 760:

    triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

    Sen. Oedip. 102:

    nodos juris,

    Juv. 8, 50:

    proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

    Quint. 5, 10, 96:

    plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

    id. 1, 10, 49:

    quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

    id. 3, 7, 3:

    ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

    id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
    3.
    In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
    a.
    To pay.
    (α).
    Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

    quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

    inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

    Liv. 6, 14, 5:

    quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

    id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

    pro vectura rem solvit?

    paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

    ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

    tibi res soluta est recte,

    id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

    ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

    rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

    id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

    dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

    res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

    id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

    semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

    they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

    si tergo res solvonda'st,

    by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

    habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

    id. Curc. 3, 9:

    tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
    (β).
    Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

    cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

    ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

    id. ib. 20, 46:

    misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

    qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

    ut creditori solvat,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

    si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

    it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

    numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

    to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

    fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

    cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

    Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

    non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
    (γ).
    With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

    postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

    hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

    settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

    solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

    id. Fl. 23, 54:

    ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

    id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

    solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

    aes alienum solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

    quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

    id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

    debitum solvere,

    id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

    ne pecunias creditas solverent,

    Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

    ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

    ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5:

    ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

    cum patriae quod debes solveris,

    Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

    debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

    id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

    aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

    qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
    (δ).
    By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

    emi: pecuniam solvi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

    pro frumento nihil solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

    169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

    Liv. 44, 16:

    hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

    nisi pecuniam solvisset,

    id. Cim. 1, 1:

    condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

    Liv. 30, 37 med.:

    pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

    id. 36, 3, 1:

    pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

    id. 32, 26, 14:

    pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

    id. 40, 39 fin.:

    meritam mercedem,

    id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

    quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

    stipendium,

    Liv. 28, 32, 1:

    dotem mulieri,

    Dig. 24, 3, 2:

    litem aestimatam,

    the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

    arbitria funeris,

    the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

    solvere dodrantem,

    to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

    dona puer solvit,

    paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

    munera,

    id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

    et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

    si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

    Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

    si (actor) solutus fuisset,

    Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
    (ε).
    Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

    aliquid praesens solvere,

    to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

    aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

    solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

    Vell. 2, 25:

    quas solvere grates sufficiam?

    Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

    nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

    Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

    unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

    id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

    Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

    Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

    homines dicere, se a me solvere,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

    (summa) erat solvenda de meo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

    operas solvere alicui,

    to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

    stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

    iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

    2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

    a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

    in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

    Liv. 31, 13:

    nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

    Dig. 50, 17, 105:

    qui modo solvendo sint,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

    si solvendo sint,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

    nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

    solvendo non erat,

    Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

    cum solvendo civitates non essent,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

    id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

    ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

    id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

    and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

    Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

    *non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

    Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
    b.
    To fulfil the duty of burial.
    (α).
    Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

    qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

    who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

    justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

    Curt. 3, 12, 15:

    proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

    id. 10, 6, 7:

    ut justa soluta Remo,

    Ov. F. 5, 452:

    nunc justa nato solve,

    Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
    (β).
    Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

    exsequiis rite solutis,

    Verg. A. 7, 5:

    cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

    Sen. Hippol. 1198:

    solvere suprema militibus,

    Tac. A. 1, 61.—
    c.
    Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
    (α).
    Alone:

    vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

    quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

    Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

    liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

    id. 40, 44, 8:

    placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

    id. 36, 37 fin.:

    petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

    id. 45, 44:

    animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

    Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

    vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

    Tac. A. 2, 69:

    vota pater solvit,

    Ov. M. 9, 707:

    ne votum solvat,

    Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

    voti debita solvere,

    Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

    the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

    Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

    V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

    ib. 2022 et saep.:

    sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

    Manil. 1, 427.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

    vota Jovi solvo,

    Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

    sunt vota soluta deae,

    id. F. 6, 248:

    dis vota solvis,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

    libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

    Just. 18, 5, 4.—
    d.
    Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

    fidem obligatam liberare,

    Suet. Claud. 9):

    illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

    Flor. 1, 1, 12;

    similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

    Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
    e.
    Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

    perinde quasi promissum solvens,

    Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

    solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

    similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

    what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

    tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

    reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

    cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

    Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

    nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

    unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

    duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

    Liv. 27, 51:

    eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

    id. 24, 45, 10:

    non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
    2.
    (Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

    postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

    ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

    Col. 2, 9:

    soluta et facilis terra,

    id. 3, 14;

    solum solutum vel spissum,

    id. 2, 2 init.;

    seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

    Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

    hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

    id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

    solutiores ripae,

    Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

    mas spissior, femina solutior,

    Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

    dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

    turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

    aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

    debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

    (orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

    Cic. Or. 47, 173:

    verbis solutus satis,

    id. ib. 47, 174:

    solutissimus in dicendo,

    id. ib. 48, 180.—
    2.
    Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

    quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

    Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

    soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

    unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

    si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

    non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

    id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

    solutus omni fenore,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

    nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

    Liv. 8, 32, 5:

    Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
    3.
    Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

    quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

    Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

    apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

    i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

    maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
    4.
    Free from cares, undistracted:

    animo soluto liberoque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

    sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
    5.
    At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

    te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

    quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

    Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
    6.
    Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

    quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

    Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

    an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

    Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

    vultus,

    Stat. Th. 5, 355:

    (mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

    unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
    7.
    Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

    cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

    Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

    ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

    Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

    Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

    Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

    incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

    Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

    rectore solutos (solis) equos,

    Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
    8.
    Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

    nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

    cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

    id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

    judicio senatus soluto et libero,

    id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

    sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

    liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

    uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
    9.
    Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    licentia,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

    populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

    quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

    id. Mil. 13, 34:

    quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

    Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

    adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

    id. 2, 1, 2:

    solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

    a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    mores soluti,

    licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
    10.
    Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

    orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

    Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

    dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

    Tac. A. 16, 18.—
    11.
    Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
    (α).
    Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

    est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
    (β).
    More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

    in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

    Cic. Or. 52, 174:

    mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

    id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

    68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

    Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

    de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

    id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

    ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

    id. ib. 7, 1:

    primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

    Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

    Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

    id. Or. 57, 192:

    et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

    id. ib. 64, 215:

    a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

    id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
    (γ).
    Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

    ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

    nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
    (δ).
    Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

    soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

    Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

    solutiora componere,

    id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
    12.
    Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

    sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

    Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
    13.
    Undisciplined, disorderly:

    omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

    Liv. 8, 30, 3:

    nihil temeritate solutum,

    Tac. A. 13, 40:

    apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

    Just. 34, 2, 2.—
    14.
    Lax, remiss, weak:

    mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

    Tac. Or. 18:

    soluti ac fluentes,

    Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

    solutum genus orationis,

    a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

    quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

    laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

    aliquid in solutum dare,

    to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

    qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

    qui rem in solutum accipit,

    Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

    in solutum imputare,

    to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

    pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

    Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

    pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

    Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
    1.
    Thinly:

    corpora diffusa solute,

    Lucr. 4, 53.—
    2.
    Of speech, fluently:

    non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 29, 110:

    ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,

    id. ib. 81, 280:

    quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,

    Tac. A. 4, 31.—
    3.
    Irregularly, loosely:

    a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
    4.
    Freely, without restraint:

    generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,

    i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
    5.
    Of style, without connection, loosely:

    enuntiare,

    Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
    6.
    Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:

    praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),

    Liv. 39, 1, 4:

    in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,

    id. 23, 37, 6.—
    7.
    Weakly, tamely, without vigor:

    quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

    Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
    8.
    Of morals, loosely, without restraint:

    ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,

    Tac. A. 13, 47.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solvo

  • 19 reddo

    red-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3 (old fut. reddibo = reddam, Plaut. Cas. 1, 41; id. Men. 5, 7, 49, acc. to Non. 476, 27; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 508, 9; pass. reddibitur, id. Ep. 1, 1, 22), v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to give back, return, restore (freq. and class.;

    syn. restituo): reddere est quod debeas ei cujus est volenti dare,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 2:

    ut mihi pallam reddat, quam dudum dedi,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 109; 4, 3, 5; cf.:

    potes nunc mutuam drachmam dare mihi unam, quam cras reddam tibi?

    id. Ps. 1, 1, 84;

    so corresp. to dare,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 89; id. Stich. 4, 1, 42:

    quid si reddatur illi, unde empta est,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 83; id. Men. 3, 3, 21 sq.; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 24 sq. et saep.; cf.

    the foll.: ea, quae utenda acceperis, majore mensurā, si modo possis, jubet reddere Hesiodus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 15, 48;

    so corresp. to accipere,

    id. Lael. 8, 26; 16, 58; id. Rep. 2, 5, 10; Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 13:

    accipe quod nunquam reddas mihi,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 66; Verg. G. 4, 172; id. A. 8, 450 et saep.:

    si quid ab omnibus conceditur, id reddo ac remitto,

    I give it back and renounce it, Cic. Sull. 30, 84: Th. Redde argentum aut virginem. Ph. Quod argentum, quam tu virginem, me reposcis? Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 14:

    ut (virginem) suis Restituam ac reddam,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 67;

    so with restituere,

    Liv. 3, 68 al.; cf.:

    reddere alias tegulas, i. e. restituere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 29: obsides, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 19; so Caes. B. G. 1, 35; 1, 36; 6, 12:

    captivos,

    id. ib. 7, 90; Liv. 26, 50:

    ho mines,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7 al.:

    corpora (mor tuorum),

    Verg. A. 11, 103; cf. id. ib. 2, 543:

    equos,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 2, 2; Suet. Aug. 38:

    suum cuique,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

    hereditatem mulieri,

    id. Fin. 2, 18, 58:

    sive paribus paria redduntur,

    i. e. are set against, opposed to, id. Or. 49, 164:

    nosmet ipsos nobis reddidistis,

    id. Red. in Sen. 1, 1:

    redditus Cyri solio Phraates,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 17:

    reddas incolumem, precor,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

    ut te reddat natis carisque,

    id. S. 1, 1, 83:

    redditus terris Daedalus,

    Verg. A. 6, 18; cf.:

    patriis aris,

    id. ib. 11, 269:

    oculis nostris,

    id. ib. 2, 740:

    tenebris,

    id. ib. 6, 545:

    sed jam urbi votisque publicis redditus,

    Plin. Pan. 60, 1:

    ex magnā desperatione saluti redditus,

    Just. 12, 10, 1:

    quin tu primum salutem reddis, quam dedi,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 11:

    operam da, opera reddibitur tibi,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 22; so id. Men. 4, 2, 101: cum duo genera liberalitatis sint, unum dandi beneficii, alterum reddendi, demus nec ne, in nostrā potestate est;

    non reddere viro bono non licet,

    Cic. Off. 1, 15, 48; so Sen. Ben. 1, 1 sq.; and cf. Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 10:

    redde his libertatem,

    id. Poen. 5, 4, 17; so,

    Lyciis libertatem ademit, Rhodiis reddidit,

    Suet. Claud. 25:

    patriam,

    Liv. 5, 51 fin.:

    sibi ereptum honorem,

    Verg. A. 5, 342:

    conspectum,

    id. ib. 9, 262 al.:

    se ipse convivio reddidit,

    betook himself again to the banquet, returned, Liv. 23, 9 fin.:

    quae belua reddit se catenis,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 71:

    se reddidit astris,

    Sil. 4, 119; so,

    lux terris,

    Verg. A. 8, 170:

    se iterum in arma,

    id. ib. 10, 684.—
    (β).
    Poet., with inf.:

    sua monstra profundo Reddidit habere Jovi,

    Stat. Th. 1, 616.—
    (γ).
    Absol. (rare and poet.), of a river:

    sic modo conbibitur, modo Redditur ingens Erasinus,

    is swallowed up... reappears, Ov. M. 15, 275. —
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    To give up, hand over, deliver, impart, assign; to yield, render, give, grant, bestow, pay, surrender, relinquish, resign (syn.:

    trado, refero): Cincius eam mihi abs te epistulam reddidit, quam tu dederas,

    Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1; so,

    litteras (alicui),

    id. ib. 2, 1, 1; id. Fam. 2, 17, 1:

    litteras a te mihi reddidit stator tuus,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 1; 2, 20; 3, 33; Sall. C. 34, 3; cf.

    mandata,

    Suet. Tib. 16:

    pretium alicui pro benefactis ejus,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

    hoccine pretii,

    id. As. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

    praemia debita (along with persolvere grates),

    Verg. A. 2, 537:

    cetera praemia (with dare),

    id. ib. 9, 254:

    primos honores,

    id. ib. 5, 347:

    gratiam alicui (for the usual referre gratiam),

    Sall. J. 110, 4:

    reddunt ova columbae,

    Juv. 3, 202:

    obligatam Jovi dapem,

    Hor. C. 2, 7, 17:

    o fortunata mors, quae naturae debita, pro patriā est potissimum reddita,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 12, 31; cf.:

    vitam naturae reddendam,

    id. Rep. 1, 3, 5; so, vitam. Lucr. 6, 1198:

    debitum naturae morbo,

    i. e. to die by disease, Nep. Reg. 1 fin.:

    lucem,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 35:

    ultimum spiritum,

    Vell. 2, 14, 2; cf. id. 2, 22, 2; 2, 35 fin.;

    2, 87, 2: animam caelo,

    id. ib. 123 fin.; cf.

    animas (with moriuntur),

    Verg. G. 3, 495:

    hanc animam, vacuas in auras,

    Ov. P. 2, 11, 7:

    caute vota reddunto,

    to pay, offer, render, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; so,

    vota,

    Verg. E. 5, 75; Just. 11, 10, 10:

    tura Lari,

    Tib. 1, 3, 34:

    liba deae,

    Ov. F. 6, 476:

    fumantia exta,

    Verg. G. 2, 194; Tac. H. 4, 53; cf.:

    graves poenas,

    i. e. to suffer, Sall. J. 14, 21:

    promissa viro,

    Verg. A. 5, 386 al.:

    tibi ego rationem reddam?

    will render an account, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6; so,

    rationem,

    id. Trin. 2, 4, 114; Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 38;

    v. ratio: animam a pulmonibus respirare et reddere,

    to give off, exhale, id. N. D. 2, 54, 136; cf.:

    ut tibiae sonum reddunt,

    give forth, Quint. 11, 3, 20; so,

    sonum,

    id. 9, 4, 40; 66; Sen. Ep. 108; Hor. A. P. 348:

    vocem,

    Verg. A. 3, 40; 7, 95; 8, 217 (with mugiit); Hor. A. P. 158:

    stridorem,

    Ov. M. 11, 608:

    murmura,

    id. ib. 10, 702:

    flammam,

    Plin. 37, 2, 11, § 36 et saep.; so,

    alvum,

    Cels. 2, 12, 2:

    bilem,

    id. 7, 23:

    sanguinem,

    to vomit, Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6 (just before:

    sanguinem rejecit): urinam,

    Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 165:

    calculum,

    id. 28, 15, 61, § 217:

    catulum partu,

    Ov. M. 15, 379; cf.

    so of parturition,

    id. ib. 10, 513; id. H. 16, 46:

    fructum, quem reddunt praedia,

    yield, produce, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 75; Ov. P. 1, 5, 26; Col. 2, 16, 2; Pall. Febr. 9, 4; Plin. 18, 9, 20, § 87; cf. Tib. 2, 6, 22; Quint. 12, 10, 25:

    generi nostro haec reddita est benignitas,

    is imparted to, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 27; cf.: nulla quies est [p. 1539] Reddita corporibus primis, Lucr. 2, 96. — Hence, poet., redditum esse, in gen., = factum esse, esse:

    una superstitio, superis quae reddita divis,

    which is given, belongs to the gods, Verg. A. 12, 817:

    quibus et color et sapor una reddita sunt cum odore,

    Lucr. 2, 681; cf. id. 2, 228 Munro ad loc.; Juv. 1, 93; Orell. ad Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 216:

    neque iis petentibus jus redditur,

    is dispensed, granted, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

    alicui jus,

    Quint. 11, 2, 50; cf.:

    alicui testimonium reddere industriae,

    id. 11, 1, 88:

    quod reliquum vitae virium, id ferro potissimum reddere volebant,

    to yield, sacrifice, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

    quibus ille pro meritis... jura legesque reddiderat,

    had conferred upon it the power of self-jurisdiction, Caes. B. G. 7, 76; cf Liv. 9, 43, 23 Drak.:

    Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,

    id. 8, 14:

    conubia,

    to bestow, grant, id. 4, 5:

    peccatis veniam,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 75:

    nomina facto vera,

    to call by the right name, Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 36.— Hence,
    b.
    Jurid. t. t.:

    judicium,

    to appoint, grant, fix the time for a trial, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 57; Caes. B. C. 2, 18; Quint. 7, 4, 43; Tac. A. 1, 72:

    jus,

    to administer justice, pronounce sentence, id. ib. 6, 11; 13, 51; id. H. 3, 68; id. G. 12; Suet. Vit. 9 et saep.—
    2.
    To give up, yield, abandon to one that which has not been taken away, but only threatened or in danger:

    Thermitanis urbem, agros legesque suas reddere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 90 ( = relinquere, id. ib. 2, 2, 36, §

    88): Orestis leges suae redditae,

    left undisturbed, Liv. 33, 34, 6; 9, 43, 23 (cf. restituere); 29, 21, 7.—
    3.
    To give back, pay back; hence, to take revenge for, punish, inflict vengeance for:

    per eum stare quominus accepta ad Cannas redderetur hosti clades,

    Liv. 24, 17, 7:

    reddidit hosti cladem,

    id. 24, 20, 2:

    redditaque aequa Cannensi clades,

    id. 27, 49, 5.—
    4.
    To give back in speech or writing, i. e.
    a.
    To translate, render (syn.:

    converto, transfero): cum ea, quae legeram Graece, Latine redderem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 155:

    verbum pro verbo,

    id. Opt. Gen. 5:

    verbo verbum,

    Hor. A. P. 133; cf. Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 54.—
    b.
    To repeat, declare, report, narrate, recite, rehearse (freq. in Quint.):

    ut quae secum commentatus esset, ea sine scripto verbis iisdem redderet, quibus cogitasset,

    Cic. Brut. 88, 301; cf. Quint. 10, 6, 3:

    sive paria (verba) paribus redduntur, sive opponuntur contraria,

    Cic. Or. 49, 164:

    reddere quae restant,

    id. Brut. 74, 258:

    tertium actum de pastionibus,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 1:

    nomina per ordinem audita,

    Quint. 11, 2, 23:

    causas corruptae eloquentiae,

    id. 8, 6, 76:

    quid cuique vendidissent,

    id. 11, 2, 24:

    dictata,

    to repeat, rehearse, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14; id. S. 2, 8, 80:

    carmen,

    to recite, deliver, id. C. 4, 6, 43:

    cum talia reddidit hospes,

    Ov. M. 6, 330; Lucr. 2, 179:

    causam,

    id. F. 1, 278:

    insigne exemplum suo loco,

    Tac. H. 4, 67.—
    c.
    To answer, reply ( poet.):

    veras audire et reddere voces,

    Verg. A. 1, 409; 6, 689:

    Aeneas contra cui talia reddit,

    id. ib. 10, 530;

    2, 323: auditis ille haec placido sic reddidit ore,

    id. ib. 11, 251 et saep.; cf.

    responsa,

    id. G. 3, 491:

    responsum,

    Liv. 38, 9; 3, 60; Verg. A. 6, 672.—
    5.
    To give back or render a thing according to its nature or qualities; to represent, imitate, express, resemble ( poet. and in post - Aug. prose):

    quas hominum reddunt facies,

    Lucr. 6, 812:

    faciem locorum,

    Ov. M. 6, 122; 7, 752:

    lux aemula vultum Reddidit,

    gave back, reflected, Stat. Achill. 2, 191:

    formam alicujus,

    Sil. 3, 634:

    et qui te nomine reddet Silvius Aeneas,

    Verg. A. 6, 768; cf.:

    jam Phoebe toto fratrem cum redderet orbe,

    Luc. 1, 538:

    paternam elegantiam in loquendo,

    Quint. 1, 1, 6; 6, 3, 107; cf.:

    odorem croci saporemque,

    i. e. to smell and taste like saffron, Plin. 36, 23, 55, § 177:

    imaginem quandam uvae,

    id. 34, 12, 32, § 123:

    flammam excellentis purpurae et odorem maris,

    id. 35, 6, 27, § 46:

    Apelleā redditus arte Mentor,

    Mart. 11, 10, 2.—
    6.
    To give back, return a thing changed in some respect:

    senem illum Tibi dedo ulteriorem lepide ut lenitum reddas,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 31; cf.:

    quas tu sapienter mihi reddidisti opiparas opera tua,

    id. Poen. 1, 1, 4.— Hence, in gen.,
    7.
    To make or cause a thing to be or appear something or somehow; to render (very freq. and class.; cf.:

    facio, redigo): reddam ego te ex ferā fame mansuetem,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 19; id. Capt. 4, 2, 42:

    eam (servitutem) lenem reddere,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 1: tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam reddere, Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

    haec itinera infesta reddiderat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 79:

    aliquem insignem,

    Verg. A. 5, 705:

    obscuraque moto Reddita forma lacu est,

    dimmed by the disturbance of the water, Ov. M. 3, 476:

    homines ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2: omnes Catilinas Acidinos postea reddidit, has made all the Catilines seem to be Acidini, i. e. patriots, in comparison with himself, id. Att. 4, 3, 3:

    aliquid perfectum,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 109:

    aliquid effectum,

    to accomplish, id. Ps. 1, 3, 152; 1, 5, 116; 5, 2, 14:

    omne transactum,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 95:

    actum,

    id. Trin. 3, 3, 90:

    dictum ac factum,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 12.— With ut and subj.:

    hic reddes omnia Quae sunt certa ei consilia incerta ut sient,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 15.— Pass. = fieri scripsit fasciculum illum epistularum totum sibi aquā madidum redditum esse, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 4; Just. 16, 4, 6; 22, 7, 2:

    per sudorem corpus tantum imbecillius redditur,

    Cels. 3, 3, 19; cf. Just. 29, 4, 3; 42, 5, 4; 44, 1, 10; Flor. 3, 5, 17; Val. Max. 4, 3 prooem.; Lact. 4, 26, 33.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > reddo

  • 20 ex

    ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

    qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Prop.:

    interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

    quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

    influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

    id. ib. 2, 19:

    visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

    3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

    nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

    Tib. 1, 1, 38:

    clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—
    2.
    In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

    ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

    picis e caelo demissum flumen,

    Lucr. 6, 257:

    equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

    cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

    Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

    e curru trahitur,

    id. Rep. 2, 41:

    e curru desilit,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—
    3.
    In an upward direction, from, above:

    collis paululum ex planitie editus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

    globum terrae eminentem e mari,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

    and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

    Liv. 6, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

    ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

    quod erat ex eodem municipio,

    Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

    Philocrates ex Alide,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

    ex Aethiopia ancillula,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

    negotiator ex Africa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

    Epicurei e Graecia,

    id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

    Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

    ex India elephanti,

    Liv. 35, 32:

    civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

    meretrix e proxumo,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

    puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

    ex spelunca saxum,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

    saxum ex capitolio,

    Liv. 35, 21, 6:

    ex equo cadere,

    Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—
    2.
    To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

    a summo caelo despicere,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

    de vertice montis despicere,

    id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

    T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

    ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

    ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

    judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

    Suet. Tib. 33:

    ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

    Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

    ex vinculis causam dicere,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

    also: ex fuga,

    during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.
    II.
    In time.
    A.
    From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

    Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

    Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

    ex consulatu,

    Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

    ex praetura,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

    ex dictatura,

    Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

    ex eo magistratu,

    Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

    Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

    Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

    statim e somno lavantur,

    id. G. 22:

    tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

    ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

    Quint. 6, 2, 35:

    mulier ex partu si, etc.,

    Cels. 2, 8:

    ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

    ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

    Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

    ex quo obses Romae fuit,

    since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

    me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

    aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

    alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

    Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

    diem ex die ducere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—
    2.
    With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

    for the passage,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

    vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

    Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

    Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

    Capitol. Gord. 22:

    duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

    id. ib.:

    mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

    Amm. 14, 7, 9:

    Serenianus ex duce,

    id. 14, 7, 7:

    INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

    Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

    And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

    i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—
    B.
    From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

    bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

    itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

    Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

    nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

    id. Phil. 1, 1:

    ex aeterno tempore,

    id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

    ex hoc die,

    id. Rep. 1, 16:

    motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

    from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

    C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

    Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

    ex ea die ad hanc diem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

    memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

    id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

    sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

    id. H. 1, 29:

    sextus mensis est, ex quo,

    Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

    ex eo,

    Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

    ex illo,

    Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—
    C.
    Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

    Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

    hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 10:

    ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 9.
    III.
    In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.
    A.
    With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

    solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

    Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

    ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

    id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

    agro ex hoste capto,

    Liv. 41, 14, 3:

    cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

    ex populo Romano bona accipere,

    Sall. J. 102:

    majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

    quaesierat ex me Scipio,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    ex te requirunt,

    id. ib. 2, 38:

    de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

    id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

    intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

    id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

    ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

    id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

    ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

    id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

    vocare,

    Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—
    B.
    In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

    qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

    e vectoribus sorte ductus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34:

    ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

    id. Rab. Post. 17:

    homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

    v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

    unus ex illis decemviris,

    id. ib. 2, 37:

    ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

    id. Lael. 4, 15:

    aliquis ex vobis,

    id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

    reliquum, argentum,

    this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

    quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

    id. Rep. 2, 36:

    virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

    Flor. 1, 13, 12:

    alia ex hoc quaestu,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

    fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

    Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

    qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

    est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

    id. Rep. 2, 40:

    Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

    Tac. G. 29:

    acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

    ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

    id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—
    2.
    Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

    has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

    album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

    Cels. 4, 20:

    ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

    Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —
    C.
    To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

    fenestrae e viminibus factae,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

    statua ex aere facta,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

    ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

    id. Div. 1, 24:

    substramen e palea,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

    pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

    monilia e gemmis,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    farina ex faba,

    Cels. 5, 28:

    potiones ex absinthio,

    id. ib. et saep.:

    Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

    Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

    (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

    id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

    natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

    id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—
    D.
    To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

    resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

    quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

    bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

    Cels. 3, 23:

    aqua ex lauro decocta,

    id. 4, 2; cf.:

    farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

    Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

    pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

    Cels. 4, 4:

    nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

    id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

    bacae e viridi rubentes,

    Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

    frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

    id. ib. §

    132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

    id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

    e viridi pallens,

    id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

    apes ex aureolo variae,

    Col. 9, 3, 2:

    sucus ex austero dulcis,

    Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

    ex dulci acre,

    id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

    trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

    Cic. Clu. 26.—
    E.
    To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

    cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

    ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

    id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

    ex vulnere aeger,

    id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

    ex renibus laborare,

    id. Tusc. 2, 25:

    ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

    Liv. 25, 26:

    ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

    Quint. 8, 33, 66:

    gravida e Pamphilo est,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

    credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

    id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

    ex se nati,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

    ex quodam conceptus,

    id. ib. 2, 21:

    ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

    id. ib. 1, 44:

    ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

    id. ib. et saep.:

    ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

    quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

    id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

    in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

    Sall. J. 48, 2:

    veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

    id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

    ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

    gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

    Liv. 2, 50:

    ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

    i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

    qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

    hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

    id. ib. 6, 10:

    quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

    causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

    id. Phil. 6, 1:

    ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

    id. Lael. 13, 46:

    ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 43:

    e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

    non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

    Flor. 4, 10, 8:

    ex nausea vomitus,

    Cels. 4, 5:

    ex hac clade atrox ira,

    Liv. 2, 51, 6:

    metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

    Tac. A. 11, 20:

    ex legato timor,

    id. Agr. 16 et saep.—
    2.
    In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

    cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

    Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

    cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

    id. 1, 7, 1:

    nomen ex vitio positum,

    Ov. F. 2, 601:

    quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

    holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

    id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

    quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

    e nomine (nominibus),

    id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—
    F.
    To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

    si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

    Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

    fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

    Lucr. 1, 186:

    dii ex hominibus facti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

    ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

    id. ib. 1, 45:

    nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

    id. Part. 17; cf.:

    ex exsule consul,

    id. Manil. 4, 46:

    ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

    Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

    ex alto sapore excitati,

    Curt. 7, 11, 18.—
    G.
    Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

    ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

    aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

    for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

    e (not ex) re publica,

    id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

    exque re publica,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

    non ex usu nostro est,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

    ex utilitate,

    Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

    ex nullius injuria,

    Liv. 45, 44, 11.—
    H.
    To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

    (majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

    ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

    id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

    ex senatus sententia,

    id. Fam. 12, 4:

    ex collegii sententia,

    Liv. 4, 53:

    ex amicorum sententia,

    id. 40, 29:

    ex consilii sententia,

    id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

    also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

    according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

    and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

    ex senatus consulto,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

    ex edicto, ex decreto,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

    ex lege,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

    ex foedere,

    Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

    hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

    ex more,

    Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

    ex consuetudine,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

    quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

    ex sua libidine moderantur,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

    ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

    eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

    leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

    nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

    ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

    nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

    id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

    scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

    Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

    attingit etiam bellicam,

    Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—
    I.
    To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

    ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

    ► Ex placed after its noun: variis ex,

     Lucr.
    2, 791:

    terris ex,

    id. 6, 788:

    quibus e sumus uniter apti,

    id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

    que sacra quercu,

    Verg. E. 7, 13.
    IV.
    In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—
    B.
    Signification.
    1.
    Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—
    2.
    Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ex

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